{ "license": "CC BY 4.0", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "attribution": "TLDR Insurance", "line": "car-insurance", "state": "texas", "retrieved": "2026-10-07", "facts": [ { "id": "tx-min-liability-bodily-injury-per-person", "situations": [ "general" ], "label": "Minimum bodily injury liability per person", "value": "30000", "unit": "USD", "detail": "Texas sets a minimum of $30,000 for bodily injury to or death of one person in one collision.", "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/TN/htm/TN.601.htm", "source_title": "Texas Transportation Code Sec. 601.072 (Minimum Coverage Amounts; Exclusions)", "agency": "Texas Legislature (Texas Constitution and Statutes)", "quote": "$30,000 for bodily injury to or death of one person in one collision", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-min-liability-bodily-injury-per-collision", "situations": [ "general" ], "label": "Minimum bodily injury liability per collision", "value": "60000", "unit": "USD", "detail": "Texas sets a minimum of $60,000 for bodily injury to or death of two or more persons in one collision, subject to the per-person amount.", "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/TN/htm/TN.601.htm", "source_title": "Texas Transportation Code Sec. 601.072 (Minimum Coverage Amounts; Exclusions)", "agency": "Texas Legislature (Texas Constitution and Statutes)", "quote": "$60,000 for bodily injury to or death of two or more persons in one collision", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-min-liability-property-damage", "situations": [ "general" ], "label": "Minimum property damage liability per collision", "value": "25000", "unit": "USD", "detail": "Texas sets a minimum of $25,000 for damage to or destruction of property of others in one collision.", "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/TN/htm/TN.601.htm", "source_title": "Texas Transportation Code Sec. 601.072 (Minimum Coverage Amounts; Exclusions)", "agency": "Texas Legislature (Texas Constitution and Statutes)", "quote": "$25,000 for damage to or destruction of property of others in one collision", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-min-liability-30-60-25-tdi", "situations": [ "general" ], "label": "Texas minimum liability limits, as described by TDI", "value": "30/60/25", "unit": "", "detail": "The Texas Department of Insurance describes the state minimum as $30,000 per person for injuries, $60,000 per accident, and $25,000 for property damage.", "source_url": "https://www.tdi.texas.gov/pubs/consumer/cb020.html", "source_title": "Auto insurance guide", "agency": "Texas Department of Insurance", "quote": "Texas law requires you to have at least $30,000 of coverage for injuries per person, up to a total of $60,000 per accident, and $25,000 of coverage for property damage.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-financial-responsibility-options", "situations": [ "general" ], "label": "Ways to establish financial responsibility", "value": "5", "unit": "options", "detail": "A person may not operate a motor vehicle in Texas unless financial responsibility is established through an insurance policy, a surety bond, a deposit with the comptroller, a deposit with a county judge, or self-insurance.", "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/TN/htm/TN.601.htm", "source_title": "Texas Transportation Code Sec. 601.051 (Requirement of Financial Responsibility)", "agency": "Texas Legislature (Texas Constitution and Statutes)", "quote": "(1) a motor vehicle liability insurance policy that complies with Subchapter D; (2) a surety bond filed under Section 601.121 ; (3) a deposit under Section 601.122 ; (4) a deposit under Section 601.123 ; or (5) self-insurance under Section 601.124 .", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-deposit-with-comptroller-amount", "situations": [ "general" ], "label": "Cash or securities deposit with the comptroller", "value": "55000", "unit": "USD", "detail": "One way to establish financial responsibility is a $55,000 deposit of cash or qualifying securities with the state comptroller.", "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/TN/htm/TN.601.htm", "source_title": "Texas Transportation Code Sec. 601.122 (Deposit of Cash or Securities with Comptroller)", "agency": "Texas Legislature (Texas Constitution and Statutes)", "quote": "A person may establish financial responsibility by depositing $55,000 with the comptroller in: (1) cash; or (2) securities", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-proof-accepted-forms", "situations": [ "general" ], "label": "Proof of insurance shown on a phone", "value": "accepted", "unit": "", "detail": "The list of evidence an operator may show an officer includes an image displayed on a wireless communication device that is provided by a liability insurer.", "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/TN/htm/TN.601.htm", "source_title": "Texas Transportation Code Sec. 601.053 (Evidence of Financial Responsibility)", "agency": "Texas Legislature (Texas Constitution and Statutes)", "quote": "(2-a) an image displayed on a wireless communication device that includes the information required by Section 601.081 as provided by a liability insurer", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-no-proof-presumed-violation", "situations": [ "general" ], "label": "Presumption when proof is not shown", "value": "presumed violation", "unit": "", "detail": "An operator who does not exhibit evidence of financial responsibility on request is presumed to have violated the insurance requirement, unless the officer verifies coverage through the state verification program.", "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/TN/htm/TN.601.htm", "source_title": "Texas Transportation Code Sec. 601.053 (Evidence of Financial Responsibility)", "agency": "Texas Legislature (Texas Constitution and Statutes)", "quote": "an operator who does not exhibit evidence of financial responsibility under Subsection (a) is presumed to have operated the vehicle in violation of Section 601.051", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-texassure-verification-program", "situations": [ "general" ], "label": "State insurance verification program", "value": "TexasSure", "unit": "", "detail": "Texas law directs the Texas Department of Insurance to establish a program to verify whether vehicle owners have established financial responsibility.", "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/TN/htm/TN.601.htm", "source_title": "Texas Transportation Code Sec. 601.452 (Implementation of Program; Rules)", "agency": "Texas Legislature (Texas Constitution and Statutes)", "quote": "The Texas Department of Insurance in consultation with the other implementing agencies shall establish a program for verification of whether owners of motor vehicles have established financial responsibility.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-citation-requires-verification-attempt", "situations": [ "general", "coverage-lapse" ], "label": "Officer must try to verify coverage before citing", "value": "required", "unit": "", "detail": "A citation for driving without insurance must state that the officer could not verify financial responsibility through the verification program.", "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/TN/htm/TN.601.htm", "source_title": "Texas Transportation Code Sec. 601.191 (Operation of Motor Vehicle in Violation of Motor Vehicle Liability Insurance Requirement; Offense)", "agency": "Texas Legislature (Texas Constitution and Statutes)", "quote": "A citation issued for an offense under this section must include an affirmative indication that the peace officer was unable at the time of the alleged offense to verify financial responsibility for the vehicle through the verification program established under Subchapter N.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-uim-coverage-must-be-offered", "situations": [ "general" ], "label": "Uninsured/underinsured motorist coverage must be provided or offered", "value": "insurer must provide unless rejected in writing", "unit": "", "detail": "Insurers must provide uninsured or underinsured motorist coverage in or with an auto liability policy; the coverage does not apply if a named insured rejects it in writing. This includes policies written through TAIPA.", "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/IN/htm/IN.1952.htm", "source_title": "Texas Insurance Code Sec. 1952.101 (Uninsured or Underinsured Motorist Coverage Required)", "agency": "Texas Legislature (Texas Constitution and Statutes)", "quote": "An insurer may not deliver or issue for delivery in this state an automobile liability insurance policy, including a policy provided through the Texas Automobile Insurance Plan Association under Chapter 2151 , that covers liability", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-uim-rejection-in-writing", "situations": [ "general" ], "label": "How uninsured motorist coverage can be declined", "value": "in writing", "unit": "", "detail": "The required uninsured/underinsured motorist coverage does not apply if any insured named in the policy rejects it in writing.", "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/IN/htm/IN.1952.htm", "source_title": "Texas Insurance Code Sec. 1952.101 (Uninsured or Underinsured Motorist Coverage Required)", "agency": "Texas Legislature (Texas Constitution and Statutes)", "quote": "The coverage required by this subchapter does not apply if any insured named in the insurance policy rejects the coverage in writing.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-uim-tdi-must-offer", "situations": [ "general" ], "label": "TDI on uninsured/underinsured motorist coverage", "value": "must be offered", "unit": "", "detail": "TDI states that insurance companies must offer uninsured/underinsured motorist coverage and that declining it requires telling the company in writing.", "source_url": "https://www.tdi.texas.gov/pubs/consumer/cb020.html", "source_title": "Auto insurance guide", "agency": "Texas Department of Insurance", "quote": "Insurance companies must offer you this coverage. If you don’t want it, you must tell the company in writing.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-pip-included-unless-rejected", "situations": [ "general" ], "label": "Personal injury protection (PIP) in Texas auto policies", "value": "included unless rejected in writing", "unit": "", "detail": "TDI states that all Texas auto policies include PIP coverage and that declining it requires telling the company in writing.", "source_url": "https://www.tdi.texas.gov/pubs/consumer/cb020.html", "source_title": "Auto insurance guide", "agency": "Texas Department of Insurance", "quote": "All auto policies in Texas include PIP coverage. If you don’t want it, you must tell the company in writing.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-short-term-policy-not-valid-proof", "situations": [ "general", "coverage-lapse" ], "label": "Policies under 30 days cannot be used for license, registration or inspection", "value": "30", "unit": "days", "detail": "A personal auto policy written for a term of less than 30 days may not be used to obtain a driver's license, registration or plates, or an inspection certificate.", "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/IN/htm/IN.1952.htm", "source_title": "Texas Insurance Code Sec. 1952.054 (Required Disclosures Regarding Short-Term Policies)", "agency": "Texas Legislature (Texas Constitution and Statutes)", "quote": "written for a term of less than 30 days may not be used to obtain an original or renewal driver's license, an automobile registration or license plates, or a motor vehicle inspection certificate.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-taipa-purpose", "situations": [ "general" ], "label": "What the assigned risk plan (TAIPA) provides", "value": "assignment of insurance", "unit": "", "detail": "The Texas Automobile Insurance Plan Association must provide for assigning insurance to an authorized insurer for a person required to show proof of financial responsibility for the future.", "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/IN/htm/IN.2151.htm", "source_title": "Texas Insurance Code Sec. 2151.102 (Assignment of Insurance; Eligibility)", "agency": "Texas Legislature (Texas Constitution and Statutes)", "quote": "The association shall provide for the assignment of insurance to an authorized insurer for a person required by Chapter 601 , Transportation Code, to show proof of financial responsibility for the future.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-taipa-eligibility-two-rejections", "situations": [ "general" ], "label": "TAIPA eligibility: rejections by other insurers", "value": "2", "unit": "insurers", "detail": "An applicant is not eligible for TAIPA unless the applicant and the servicing agent certify that the applicant has been rejected by at least two authorized insurers writing auto insurance in Texas.", "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/IN/htm/IN.2151.htm", "source_title": "Texas Insurance Code Sec. 2151.102 (Assignment of Insurance; Eligibility)", "agency": "Texas Legislature (Texas Constitution and Statutes)", "quote": "An applicant is not eligible for insurance through the association unless the applicant and the servicing agent certify as part of the application to the association that the applicant has been rejected for insurance by at least two insurers", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-taipa-eligibility-60-day-window", "situations": [ "general" ], "label": "TAIPA eligibility: time window for the two rejections", "value": "60", "unit": "days", "detail": "TAIPA's published eligibility rules require certification of rejection by two companies within the last 60 days.", "source_url": "https://taipa.org/faq/taipa-faqs/", "source_title": "TAIPA FAQs", "agency": "Texas Automobile Insurance Plan Association", "quote": "Certify that they have been rejected for insurance by two companies within the last 60 days.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-taipa-limits-minimum-only", "situations": [ "general" ], "label": "Liability limits available through TAIPA", "value": "30/60/25", "unit": "", "detail": "TAIPA states that only minimum limits are available through the plan.", "source_url": "https://taipa.org/for-insured/", "source_title": "For Insureds", "agency": "Texas Automobile Insurance Plan Association", "quote": "Only minimum limits are available through TAIPA, which are currently 30/60/25", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-taipa-no-physical-damage", "situations": [ "general" ], "label": "Physical damage coverage through TAIPA", "value": "not available", "unit": "", "detail": "TAIPA states that physical damage coverage is not available through the plan.", "source_url": "https://taipa.org/for-insured/", "source_title": "For Insureds", "agency": "Texas Automobile Insurance Plan Association", "quote": "Physical damage coverage is not available.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-taipa-coverages-sold-tdi", "situations": [ "general" ], "label": "Coverages TDI says TAIPA sells", "value": "liability, PIP, UM/UIM", "unit": "", "detail": "TDI states TAIPA sells liability, personal injury protection and uninsured/underinsured motorist coverage, but not collision, comprehensive or higher liability limits than state law requires.", "source_url": "https://www.tdi.texas.gov/pubs/consumer/cb020.html", "source_title": "Auto insurance guide", "agency": "Texas Department of Insurance", "quote": "TAIPA sells liability, personal injury protection, and uninsured/underinsured motorist coverages. It doesn’t sell collision or comprehensive coverage or higher liability limits than state law requires.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-taipa-annual-policies-only", "situations": [ "general" ], "label": "Policy term available through TAIPA", "value": "annual only", "unit": "", "detail": "TAIPA states that six-month policies are not available and only annual policies are offered.", "source_url": "https://taipa.org/faq/taipa-faqs/", "source_title": "TAIPA FAQs", "agency": "Texas Automobile Insurance Plan Association", "quote": "May I obtain a six-month policy through TAIPA? No, only annual policies are available.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-taipa-apply-through-agent", "situations": [ "general" ], "label": "How to apply to TAIPA", "value": "through an insurance agent", "unit": "", "detail": "TAIPA states that applicants apply by having an insurance agent complete an application.", "source_url": "https://taipa.org/for-insured/", "source_title": "For Insureds", "agency": "Texas Automobile Insurance Plan Association", "quote": "If you wish to apply for insurance through TAIPA, please see an insurance agent to have them complete an application for you.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-taipa-sr22-available", "situations": [ "sr-22", "general" ], "label": "SR-22 through TAIPA", "value": "available", "unit": "", "detail": "TAIPA states that a Texas SR-22 may be issued by TAIPA on behalf of the assigned company.", "source_url": "https://taipa.org/faq/taipa-faqs/", "source_title": "TAIPA FAQs", "agency": "Texas Automobile Insurance Plan Association", "quote": "A Texas SR-22 may be issued by TAIPA on behalf of the assigned company.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-taipa-rate-relief-after-clean-record-tdi", "situations": [ "general" ], "label": "Cheaper policy outside TAIPA after a clean record", "value": "3", "unit": "years", "detail": "TDI states that after three years with no tickets or accidents, a TAIPA insured's insurance company must offer a cheaper policy outside of TAIPA.", "source_url": "https://www.tdi.texas.gov/pubs/consumer/cb020.html", "source_title": "Auto insurance guide", "agency": "Texas Department of Insurance", "quote": "If you don’t have any tickets or accidents for three years, your insurance company must offer you a cheaper policy outside of TAIPA.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-taipa-valid-license-or-sr22-request", "situations": [ "general", "sr-22" ], "label": "TAIPA eligibility: driver license", "value": "valid license or SR-22 request", "unit": "", "detail": "TAIPA's eligibility rules say an applicant must possess a valid driver license or request an SR-22 to obtain a valid license.", "source_url": "https://taipa.org/faq/taipa-faqs/", "source_title": "TAIPA FAQs", "agency": "Texas Automobile Insurance Plan Association", "quote": "Possess a valid driver license or request an SR-22 to obtain a valid license.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-uninsured-driving-first-offense-fine", "situations": [ "coverage-lapse", "general" ], "label": "Fine range for a first driving-uninsured conviction", "value": "175-350", "unit": "USD", "detail": "A first offense of operating a vehicle without financial responsibility is a misdemeanor punishable by a fine of $175 to $350.", "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/TN/htm/TN.601.htm", "source_title": "Texas Transportation Code Sec. 601.191 (Operation of Motor Vehicle in Violation of Motor Vehicle Liability Insurance Requirement; Offense)", "agency": "Texas Legislature (Texas Constitution and Statutes)", "quote": "an offense under this section is a misdemeanor punishable by a fine of not less than $175 or more than $350.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-uninsured-driving-repeat-offense-fine", "situations": [ "coverage-lapse", "general" ], "label": "Fine range for a repeat driving-uninsured conviction", "value": "350-1000", "unit": "USD", "detail": "If a person has a previous conviction, the offense is a misdemeanor punishable by a fine of $350 to $1,000.", "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/TN/htm/TN.601.htm", "source_title": "Texas Transportation Code Sec. 601.191 (Operation of Motor Vehicle in Violation of Motor Vehicle Liability Insurance Requirement; Offense)", "agency": "Texas Legislature (Texas Constitution and Statutes)", "quote": "If a person has been previously convicted of an offense under this section, an offense under this section is a misdemeanor punishable by a fine of not less than $350 or more than $1,000.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-uninsured-driving-fine-reduction-inability-to-pay", "situations": [ "coverage-lapse" ], "label": "Fine reduction for first offense when unable to pay", "value": "below 175", "unit": "USD", "detail": "For a person with no previous conviction who is economically unable to pay, the court may reduce the fine to less than $175.", "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/TN/htm/TN.601.htm", "source_title": "Texas Transportation Code Sec. 601.191 (Operation of Motor Vehicle in Violation of Motor Vehicle Liability Insurance Requirement; Offense)", "agency": "Texas Legislature (Texas Constitution and Statutes)", "quote": "If the court determines that a person who has not been previously convicted of an offense under this section is economically unable to pay the fine, the court may reduce the fine to less than $175.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-uninsured-driving-defense-valid-proof-dismissal", "situations": [ "coverage-lapse" ], "label": "Defense when valid coverage existed at the time", "value": "charge dismissed", "unit": "", "detail": "It is a defense that the person produces to the court a listed proof document that was valid when the offense is alleged to have occurred; once the court verifies it, the court shall dismiss the charge.", "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/TN/htm/TN.601.htm", "source_title": "Texas Transportation Code Sec. 601.193 (Defense: Financial Responsibility in Effect at Time of Alleged Offense)", "agency": "Texas Legislature (Texas Constitution and Statutes)", "quote": "It is a defense to prosecution under Section 601.191 or 601.195 that the person charged produces to the court one of the documents listed in Section 601.053 (a) that was valid at the time that the offense is alleged to have occurred.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-uninsured-second-conviction-license-suspension", "situations": [ "coverage-lapse", "suspended-license", "sr-22" ], "label": "License suspension after a second driving-uninsured conviction", "value": "2", "unit": "years", "detail": "After a second conviction for driving without financial responsibility, DPS suspends the license unless the person files and maintains proof of financial responsibility until the second anniversary of the later conviction.", "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/TN/htm/TN.601.htm", "source_title": "Texas Transportation Code Sec. 601.231 (Suspension of Driver's License)", "agency": "Texas Legislature (Texas Constitution and Statutes)", "quote": "the department shall suspend the driver's license of the person unless the person files and maintains evidence of financial responsibility with the department until the second anniversary of the date of the subsequent conviction.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-uninsured-second-conviction-waiver-if-insured", "situations": [ "coverage-lapse", "sr-22" ], "label": "Waiver of the proof requirement if insured at the time of arrest", "value": "waivable", "unit": "", "detail": "DPS may waive the requirement to maintain evidence of financial responsibility if satisfactory evidence shows the person was in compliance at the time of arrest.", "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/TN/htm/TN.601.htm", "source_title": "Texas Transportation Code Sec. 601.231 (Suspension of Driver's License)", "agency": "Texas Legislature (Texas Constitution and Statutes)", "quote": "The department may waive the requirement of maintaining evidence of financial responsibility under Subsection (a) if satisfactory evidence is filed with the department showing that at the time of arrest the person was in compliance", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-uninsured-impoundment-second-conviction", "situations": [ "coverage-lapse" ], "label": "Vehicle impoundment after a second driving-uninsured conviction", "value": "required", "unit": "", "detail": "On a second or subsequent conviction, the court shall order the sheriff to impound the vehicle if the defendant owned it at the time of the offense and on the conviction date.", "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/TN/htm/TN.601.htm", "source_title": "Texas Transportation Code Sec. 601.261 (Impoundment of Motor Vehicle)", "agency": "Texas Legislature (Texas Constitution and Statutes)", "quote": "On a second or subsequent conviction for an offense under Section 601.191 , the court shall order the sheriff of the county in which the court has jurisdiction to impound the motor vehicle operated by the defendant", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-uninsured-impoundment-duration", "situations": [ "coverage-lapse" ], "label": "Length of impoundment", "value": "180", "unit": "days", "detail": "The duration of an impoundment for a repeat driving-uninsured conviction is 180 days.", "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/TN/htm/TN.601.htm", "source_title": "Texas Transportation Code Sec. 601.262 (Duration of Impoundment)", "agency": "Texas Legislature (Texas Constitution and Statutes)", "quote": "The duration of an impoundment under Section 601.261 is 180 days.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-uninsured-impoundment-release-proof-period", "situations": [ "coverage-lapse" ], "label": "Proof of coverage needed to release an impounded vehicle", "value": "2", "unit": "years", "detail": "Release requires evidence of financial responsibility covering the two-year period after the date the defendant applies for release; the court shall allow proof in increments of at least six months.", "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/TN/htm/TN.601.htm", "source_title": "Texas Transportation Code Sec. 601.262 (Duration of Impoundment)", "agency": "Texas Legislature (Texas Constitution and Statutes)", "quote": "The evidence of financial responsibility must cover the two-year period immediately following the date the defendant applies for release of the impounded vehicle.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-uninsured-impoundment-daily-fee", "situations": [ "coverage-lapse" ], "label": "Daily reimbursement fee for impoundment", "value": "15", "unit": "USD per day", "detail": "The court imposes a reimbursement fee of $15 a day for each day the defendant's vehicle is impounded.", "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/TN/htm/TN.601.htm", "source_title": "Texas Transportation Code Sec. 601.263 (Reimbursement Fee for Impoundment)", "agency": "Texas Legislature (Texas Constitution and Statutes)", "quote": "The court shall impose against the defendant a reimbursement fee of $15 a day for each day of impoundment of the defendant's vehicle.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-registration-requires-proof-of-insurance", "situations": [ "coverage-lapse", "general" ], "label": "Registration requires proof of financial responsibility", "value": "required", "unit": "", "detail": "A county assessor-collector may not register a motor vehicle unless the owner submits evidence of financial responsibility.", "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/TN/htm/TN.502.htm", "source_title": "Texas Transportation Code Sec. 502.046 (Evidence of Financial Responsibility)", "agency": "Texas Legislature (Texas Constitution and Statutes)", "quote": "A county assessor-collector may not register the motor vehicle unless the owner or the owner's representative submits the evidence of financial responsibility.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-inspection-requires-proof-of-insurance", "situations": [ "coverage-lapse", "general" ], "label": "Passing inspection requires proof of financial responsibility", "value": "required", "unit": "", "detail": "An inspection station may not issue a passing vehicle inspection report unless the owner or operator furnishes evidence of financial responsibility at the time of inspection.", "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/TN/htm/TN.548.htm", "source_title": "Texas Transportation Code Sec. 548.2521 (Evidence of Financial Responsibility as Prerequisite to Issuance of Passing Vehicle Inspection Report)", "agency": "Texas Legislature (Texas Constitution and Statutes)", "quote": "An inspection station or inspector may not issue a passing vehicle inspection report for a vehicle unless the owner or operator furnishes evidence of financial responsibility at the time of inspection.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-drp-repealed", "situations": [ "coverage-lapse", "dui", "suspended-license", "general" ], "label": "Driver Responsibility Program status", "value": "repealed", "unit": "", "detail": "DPS states the Driver Responsibility Program (Chapter 708, Transportation Code) was repealed effective September 1, 2019.", "source_url": "https://www.dps.texas.gov/section/driver-license/driver-responsibility-program", "source_title": "Driver Responsibility Program", "agency": "Texas Department of Public Safety", "quote": "Effective September 1, 2019, the State of Texas has repealed the Driver Responsibility Program – Chapter 708, Transportation Code.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-drp-unpaid-surcharge-suspensions-reinstated", "situations": [ "coverage-lapse", "suspended-license" ], "label": "Licenses suspended only for unpaid surcharges", "value": "reinstated", "unit": "", "detail": "DPS states it reinstated all driver privileges that were suspended solely for unpaid Driver Responsibility Program surcharges.", "source_url": "https://www.dps.texas.gov/section/driver-license/driver-responsibility-program", "source_title": "Driver Responsibility Program", "agency": "Texas Department of Public Safety", "quote": "The Department of Public Safety has reinstated all driver privileges that were previously suspended solely for having unpaid surcharges.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-drp-no-surcharge-after-alr", "situations": [ "dui", "coverage-lapse" ], "label": "Surcharge after an ALR suspension", "value": "none", "unit": "", "detail": "DPS states no surcharge is required for an ALR suspension because the Driver Responsibility Program has been repealed.", "source_url": "https://www.dps.texas.gov/section/driver-license/faq/section-19-administrative-license-revocation-alr", "source_title": "Section 19: Administrative License Revocation (ALR)", "agency": "Texas Department of Public Safety", "quote": "If I am suspended for an ALR, will I be required to pay a surcharge? No. The Driver Responsibility Program has been repealed.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-failure-to-maintain-sr22-penalty", "situations": [ "coverage-lapse", "sr-22" ], "label": "Penalty for driving without required proof on file", "value": "up to 500 / 6 months", "unit": "", "detail": "A person required to maintain evidence of financial responsibility who drives a vehicle they own without it commits a misdemeanor punishable by a fine up to $500, up to six months in county jail, or both.", "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/TN/htm/TN.601.htm", "source_title": "Texas Transportation Code Sec. 601.195 (Operation of Motor Vehicle in Violation of Requirement to Establish Financial Responsibility; Offense)", "agency": "Texas Legislature (Texas Constitution and Statutes)", "quote": "(b) An offense under this section is a misdemeanor punishable by: (1) a fine not to exceed $500; (2) confinement in county jail for a term not to exceed six months; or (3) both the fine and the confinement.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-insurer-may-cancel-for-nonpayment", "situations": [ "coverage-lapse", "no-down-payment" ], "label": "Insurer may cancel for non-payment of premium", "value": "permitted", "unit": "", "detail": "An insurer may cancel a policy if the named insured does not pay any portion of the premium when due.", "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/IN/htm/IN.551.htm", "source_title": "Texas Insurance Code Sec. 551.104 (Authorized Cancellation of Policies)", "agency": "Texas Legislature (Texas Constitution and Statutes)", "quote": "(b) An insurer may cancel any policy if: (1) the named insured does not pay any portion of the premium when due;", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-cancellation-notice-10-days", "situations": [ "coverage-lapse", "no-down-payment" ], "label": "Cancellation notice period for non-payment", "value": "10", "unit": "days", "detail": "Cancellation for non-payment, fraudulent claim or a suspended license or registration does not take effect until the 10th day after the insurer mails notice to the insured.", "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/IN/htm/IN.551.htm", "source_title": "Texas Insurance Code Sec. 551.104 (Authorized Cancellation of Policies)", "agency": "Texas Legislature (Texas Constitution and Statutes)", "quote": "Cancellation of a policy under Subsection (b), (c), or (d) does not take effect until the 10th day after the date the insurer mails notice of the cancellation to the insured.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-personal-auto-first-60-days-cancellation", "situations": [ "coverage-lapse", "no-down-payment" ], "label": "Early cancellation window for personal auto policies", "value": "60", "unit": "days", "detail": "An insurer may cancel a personal automobile insurance policy that has been in effect less than 60 days.", "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/IN/htm/IN.551.htm", "source_title": "Texas Insurance Code Sec. 551.104 (Authorized Cancellation of Policies)", "agency": "Texas Legislature (Texas Constitution and Statutes)", "quote": "An insurer may cancel a personal automobile insurance policy if the policy has been in effect less than 60 days.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-reinstate-after-nonpayment-cancellation-60-days", "situations": [ "coverage-lapse", "no-down-payment" ], "label": "Reinstating a policy cancelled for non-payment", "value": "60", "unit": "days", "detail": "An insurer may reinstate a personal auto policy cancelled for non-payment if the premium owed is paid by the 60th day after cancellation; coverage lapses on the cancellation date and resumes when payment is received.", "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/IN/htm/IN.551.htm", "source_title": "Texas Insurance Code Sec. 551.106 (Renewal and Reinstatement of Personal Automobile Insurance Policies)", "agency": "Texas Legislature (Texas Constitution and Statutes)", "quote": "An insurer may reinstate a personal automobile insurance policy canceled for nonpayment of premium if the premium owed is paid not later than the 60th day after date of cancellation.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-coverage-gap-after-reinstatement", "situations": [ "coverage-lapse" ], "label": "Coverage during a lapse before reinstatement", "value": "none until payment received", "unit": "", "detail": "Under the statute, coverage lapses on the date of cancellation and is not effective again until the date payment is received, and premium is not owed for any period the policy is not in effect.", "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/IN/htm/IN.551.htm", "source_title": "Texas Insurance Code Sec. 551.106 (Renewal and Reinstatement of Personal Automobile Insurance Policies)", "agency": "Texas Legislature (Texas Constitution and Statutes)", "quote": "Coverage under the policy lapses on the date of cancellation and is not again effective until the date the payment is received by the insurer. Premium is not owed for any period in which the policy is not in effect.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-unearned-premium-refund-deadline", "situations": [ "coverage-lapse", "no-down-payment" ], "label": "Deadline to refund unearned premium on a cancelled auto policy", "value": "15th business day", "unit": "", "detail": "An insurer must refund unearned premium on a cancelled personal auto policy not later than the 15th business day after the effective date of cancellation or termination.", "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/IN/htm/IN.558.htm", "source_title": "Texas Insurance Code Sec. 558.002 (Applicability of Chapter; Refund of Unearned Premium)", "agency": "Texas Legislature (Texas Constitution and Statutes)", "quote": "An insurer shall refund the appropriate portion of any unearned premium to the policyholder not later than the 15th business day after the effective date of cancellation or termination of a policy of personal automobile", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-sr22-what-it-is", "situations": [ "sr-22" ], "label": "What an SR-22 is", "value": "certificate", "unit": "", "detail": "DPS describes an SR-22 as a certificate required by Transportation Code Chapter 601 to verify that a person maintains motor vehicle liability insurance.", "source_url": "https://www.dps.texas.gov/section/driver-license/financial-responsibility-insurance-certificate-sr-22", "source_title": "Financial Responsibility Insurance Certificate (SR-22)", "agency": "Texas Department of Public Safety", "quote": "A Financial Responsibility Insurance Certificate (SR-22) is required by the Texas Transportation Code Chapter 601 to verify that you are maintaining motor vehicle liability insurance.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-sr22-required-duration", "situations": [ "sr-22" ], "label": "How long an SR-22 must be maintained", "value": "2", "unit": "years", "detail": "DPS says coverage must be maintained for two years from the conviction that requires an SR-22, or two years from the date a crash judgment was rendered.", "source_url": "https://www.dps.texas.gov/section/driver-license/financial-responsibility-insurance-certificate-sr-22", "source_title": "Financial Responsibility Insurance Certificate (SR-22)", "agency": "Texas Department of Public Safety", "quote": "You are required to maintain coverage for two years beginning from the date of the conviction that requires a SR-22, or in the case of a judgment against you due to a crash, two years from the date the judgment was rendered.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-sr22-duration-most-recent-conviction", "situations": [ "sr-22" ], "label": "SR-22 duration runs from the most recent conviction", "value": "2", "unit": "years", "detail": "DPS says the SR-22 must be valid for two years from the most recent conviction or the date a judgment was rendered.", "source_url": "https://www.dps.texas.gov/section/driver-license/faq/section-9-sr-22-proof-financial-responsibility", "source_title": "Section 9: SR-22 (Proof of Financial Responsibility)", "agency": "Texas Department of Public Safety", "quote": "You must maintain a valid SR-22 for two years from the date of your most recent conviction, or the date that a judgement has been rendered against you.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-sr22-late-filing-credit", "situations": [ "sr-22" ], "label": "Time already elapsed counts toward the two years", "value": "1", "unit": "years remaining (example)", "detail": "DPS gives the example that an SR-22 sent one year after conviction only needs to be maintained for one more year, since the total is two years from conviction.", "source_url": "https://www.dps.texas.gov/section/driver-license/faq/section-9-sr-22-proof-financial-responsibility", "source_title": "Section 9: SR-22 (Proof of Financial Responsibility)", "agency": "Texas Department of Public Safety", "quote": "An SR-22 must be maintained for a total of two (2) years from the date of your most recent conviction; therefore, in this scenario you will only need to maintain it for one (1) more year.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-sr22-new-conviction-may-extend", "situations": [ "sr-22" ], "label": "New conviction can extend the SR-22 period", "value": "may be extended", "unit": "", "detail": "DPS says that if a new conviction requiring an SR-22 is reported, the length of the requirement may be extended.", "source_url": "https://www.dps.texas.gov/section/driver-license/faq/section-9-sr-22-proof-financial-responsibility", "source_title": "Section 9: SR-22 (Proof of Financial Responsibility)", "agency": "Texas Department of Public Safety", "quote": "However, if a new conviction that requires an SR-22 is reported to the department, the length of your requirement may be extended.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-sr22-who-must-file", "situations": [ "sr-22" ], "label": "Situations where DPS requires an SR-22 filing", "value": "crash suspension, repeat no-insurance conviction, or civil judgment", "unit": "", "detail": "DPS says an SR-22 must be filed if a person's driving privilege is suspended because of a crash, after a second or subsequent no-insurance conviction, or when a civil judgment is filed.", "source_url": "https://www.dps.texas.gov/section/driver-license/financial-responsibility-insurance-certificate-sr-22", "source_title": "Financial Responsibility Insurance Certificate (SR-22)", "agency": "Texas Department of Public Safety", "quote": "If your driving privilege has been suspended due to a car crash, you have received a second or subsequent conviction for No Motor Vehicle Liability Insurance* or a civil judgment has been filed against you, you are required to file a SR-22 with the Department.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-sr22-convictions-list", "situations": [ "sr-22", "dui", "suspended-license" ], "label": "Convictions that can require an SR-22", "value": "DWI, drug offenses, DWLI, repeat no-insurance", "unit": "", "detail": "DPS lists Driving While Intoxicated, drug offenses, Driving While License Invalid, and multiple no-insurance convictions among convictions that require an SR-22, and says the list is not exhaustive.", "source_url": "https://www.dps.texas.gov/section/driver-license/faq/section-9-sr-22-proof-financial-responsibility", "source_title": "Section 9: SR-22 (Proof of Financial Responsibility)", "agency": "Texas Department of Public Safety", "quote": "These examples include, but are not limited to: Driving While Intoxicated, Drug Offenses, Driving While License Invalid, and multiple convictions for No Motor Vehicle Liability Insurance.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-sr22-required-with-security-deposit", "situations": [ "sr-22" ], "label": "SR-22 with a security deposit after a crash", "value": "required", "unit": "", "detail": "DPS says an SR-22 is also required when a security deposit is placed with DPS as compliance for a crash or crash default suspension.", "source_url": "https://www.dps.texas.gov/section/driver-license/financial-responsibility-insurance-certificate-sr-22", "source_title": "Financial Responsibility Insurance Certificate (SR-22)", "agency": "Texas Department of Public Safety", "quote": "A SR-22 is also required when a security deposit is being placed with the Department as compliance for a crash or crash default suspension.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-sr22-crash-security-policy-prepaid-six-months", "situations": [ "sr-22", "no-down-payment" ], "label": "Prepaid policy needed when filing after a crash with a security deposit", "value": "6", "unit": "months, prepaid", "detail": "To avoid suspension after a crash by depositing security and filing proof, the certificate must be for a policy with a period of at least six months whose premium for the whole period is paid in full.", "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/TN/htm/TN.601.htm", "source_title": "Texas Transportation Code Sec. 601.153 (Deposit of Security; Evidence of Financial Responsibility)", "agency": "Texas Legislature (Texas Constitution and Statutes)", "quote": "the owner or operator must file a certificate of insurance for a policy that has a policy period of at least six months and for which the premium for the entire policy period is paid in full.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-sr22-crash-security-sr22a-prepaid", "situations": [ "sr-22", "no-down-payment" ], "label": "SR-22A certification of a prepaid policy", "value": "SR-22A", "unit": "", "detail": "DPS says that for a deposit-based reinstatement after a crash, an SR-22A must certify that the policy is pre-paid for at least six months.", "source_url": "https://www.dps.texas.gov/section/driver-license/crash-suspension", "source_title": "Crash Suspension", "agency": "Texas Department of Public Safety", "quote": "and a SR-22a which certifies the policy is pre-paid for a period of at least six-months.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-sr22-card-not-accepted", "situations": [ "sr-22" ], "label": "An insurance card cannot replace an SR-22", "value": "not accepted", "unit": "", "detail": "DPS states an insurance card or policy will not be accepted in place of an SR-22.", "source_url": "https://www.dps.texas.gov/section/driver-license/financial-responsibility-insurance-certificate-sr-22", "source_title": "Financial Responsibility Insurance Certificate (SR-22)", "agency": "Texas Department of Public Safety", "quote": "An insurance card or policy will not be accepted in place of a SR-22.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-sr22-insurer-notifies-dps", "situations": [ "sr-22" ], "label": "Who tells DPS when an SR-22 ends", "value": "insurance provider", "unit": "", "detail": "DPS states the insurance provider automatically notifies DPS when an SR-22 is cancelled, terminated or lapses.", "source_url": "https://www.dps.texas.gov/section/driver-license/financial-responsibility-insurance-certificate-sr-22", "source_title": "Financial Responsibility Insurance Certificate (SR-22)", "agency": "Texas Department of Public Safety", "quote": "An insurance provider will automatically notify the Department when a SR-22 is cancelled, terminated or lapses.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-sr22-lapse-consequence-suspension", "situations": [ "sr-22", "suspended-license", "coverage-lapse" ], "label": "What can happen if an SR-22 is cancelled, terminated or lapses", "value": "driving privilege and registration may be suspended", "unit": "", "detail": "DPS says driving privilege and vehicle registration may be suspended if DPS is notified the SR-22 was cancelled, terminated or lapsed and no new SR-22 was filed before the cancellation.", "source_url": "https://www.dps.texas.gov/section/driver-license/financial-responsibility-insurance-certificate-sr-22", "source_title": "Financial Responsibility Insurance Certificate (SR-22)", "agency": "Texas Department of Public Safety", "quote": "The Department receives notification that the SR-22 on file has been cancelled, terminated or lapsed, and a new SR-22 has not been filed prior to the cancellation of the original policy.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-sr22-lapse-new-filing-and-fee", "situations": [ "sr-22", "suspended-license" ], "label": "Re-suspension after an SR-22 lapse", "value": "new SR-22 and $100 fee", "unit": "", "detail": "DPS says that if SR-22 coverage lapses, the license would be re-suspended and a new SR-22 and a $100 reinstatement fee would be required to reinstate it.", "source_url": "https://www.dps.texas.gov/section/driver-license/faq/section-9-sr-22-proof-financial-responsibility", "source_title": "Section 9: SR-22 (Proof of Financial Responsibility)", "agency": "Texas Department of Public Safety", "quote": "If you allow the SR-22 coverage to lapse, your driver license and/or driving privilege would be re-suspended and a new SR-22 and a $100 reinstatement fee would be required to reinstate your driver license.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-sr22-certified-policy-termination-notice", "situations": [ "sr-22" ], "label": "Earliest termination of a certified policy", "value": "sixth day after DPS receives notice", "unit": "", "detail": "A policy certified to DPS may not be terminated before the sixth day after the date DPS receives notice of the termination, except when a later certified policy replaces it.", "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/TN/htm/TN.601.htm", "source_title": "Texas Transportation Code Sec. 601.085 (Termination of Certified Policy)", "agency": "Texas Legislature (Texas Constitution and Statutes)", "quote": "the policy may not be terminated before the sixth day after the date a notice of the termination is received by the department", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-sr22-nonowner-policy", "situations": [ "sr-22" ], "label": "SR-22 without owning a vehicle", "value": "non-owner SR-22 available", "unit": "", "detail": "DPS says a person who owns no vehicle is still required to file and maintain an SR-22 and may obtain a Texas non-owner SR-22 insurance policy.", "source_url": "https://www.dps.texas.gov/section/driver-license/faq/section-9-sr-22-proof-financial-responsibility", "source_title": "Section 9: SR-22 (Proof of Financial Responsibility)", "agency": "Texas Department of Public Safety", "quote": "Yes, you are still required to file and maintain an SR-22. If you do not own a vehicle you may obtain a Texas non-owners SR-22 Insurance policy.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-sr22-not-all-insurers-offer", "situations": [ "sr-22" ], "label": "Availability of SR-22 filings", "value": "not offered by all insurers", "unit": "", "detail": "DPS notes that SR-22s are not offered at all insurance companies.", "source_url": "https://www.dps.texas.gov/section/driver-license/faq/section-9-sr-22-proof-financial-responsibility", "source_title": "Section 9: SR-22 (Proof of Financial Responsibility)", "agency": "Texas Department of Public Safety", "quote": "NOTE: SR-22's are not offered at all insurance companies.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-sr22-filed-by-insurer-with-dps", "situations": [ "sr-22" ], "label": "Who files an SR-22", "value": "insurer files with DPS", "unit": "", "detail": "DPS describes an SR-22 as a certificate filed by the car insurance carrier with DPS demonstrating continued coverage.", "source_url": "https://www.dps.texas.gov/section/driver-license/faq/section-9-sr-22-proof-financial-responsibility", "source_title": "Section 9: SR-22 (Proof of Financial Responsibility)", "agency": "Texas Department of Public Safety", "quote": "A SR-22 is a certificate filed by your car insurance carrier with the Department demonstrating you have continued automobile insurance coverage", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-sr22-processing-time", "situations": [ "sr-22" ], "label": "DPS processing time for an SR-22", "value": "up to 21", "unit": "business days", "detail": "DPS says it may take up to 21 business days to process an SR-22.", "source_url": "https://www.dps.texas.gov/section/driver-license/faq/section-9-sr-22-proof-financial-responsibility", "source_title": "Section 9: SR-22 (Proof of Financial Responsibility)", "agency": "Texas Department of Public Safety", "quote": "It may take up to 21 business days for the Department to process your SR-22.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-sr22-check-status-license-eligibility", "situations": [ "sr-22", "suspended-license" ], "label": "Checking whether DPS received and processed an SR-22", "value": "License Eligibility page", "unit": "", "detail": "DPS directs people to its License Eligibility webpage to see the status of their driving privilege and whether the SR-22 was received and processed.", "source_url": "https://www.dps.texas.gov/section/driver-license/faq/section-9-sr-22-proof-financial-responsibility", "source_title": "Section 9: SR-22 (Proof of Financial Responsibility)", "agency": "Texas Department of Public Safety", "quote": "To determine the status of your driver license and/or driving privilege and see if your SR-22 has been received and processed, visit our webpage on License Eligibility .", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-sr22-reinstatement-fee", "situations": [ "sr-22", "suspended-license" ], "label": "Reinstatement fee paired with an SR-22", "value": "100", "unit": "USD", "detail": "DPS says reinstatement requires submitting a valid SR-22 and paying the $100 reinstatement fee, plus any other outstanding fees.", "source_url": "https://www.dps.texas.gov/section/driver-license/financial-responsibility-insurance-certificate-sr-22", "source_title": "Financial Responsibility Insurance Certificate (SR-22)", "agency": "Texas Department of Public Safety", "quote": "Submit a valid SR-22 to the Department, and Pay the required $100 Reinstatement fee prior to the renewal or issuance of your driver license, in addition to paying any other outstanding fees owed.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-sr22-waived-if-insured-at-time-of-offense", "situations": [ "sr-22", "coverage-lapse" ], "label": "SR-22 waiver for a repeat no-insurance conviction when insured", "value": "waived with proof", "unit": "", "detail": "DPS says that if a person convicted of a second or subsequent no-insurance violation had insurance on the vehicle at the time, submitting proof of insurance waives the SR-22 requirement.", "source_url": "https://www.dps.texas.gov/section/driver-license/financial-responsibility-insurance-certificate-sr-22", "source_title": "Financial Responsibility Insurance Certificate (SR-22)", "agency": "Texas Department of Public Safety", "quote": "you may submit your proof of insurance and the SR-22 requirement will be waived.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-sr22-judgment-requirement-window", "situations": [ "sr-22", "suspended-license" ], "label": "SR-22 after a judgment suspension", "value": "if under 2 years since judgment", "unit": "", "detail": "DPS says an SR-22 is required for reinstatement after a judgment suspension if it has been less than two years since the date the judgment was rendered.", "source_url": "https://www.dps.texas.gov/section/driver-license/crash-suspension", "source_title": "Crash Suspension", "agency": "Texas Department of Public Safety", "quote": "a Financial Responsibility Insurance Certificate (SR-22) is required if it has been less than two years since the date the judgment was rendered.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-sr22-registration-suspension-avoided-with-proof", "situations": [ "sr-22", "suspended-license" ], "label": "Registration suspension after a license suspension", "value": "avoided by filing proof", "unit": "", "detail": "After a license suspension or revocation on conviction, DPS may not suspend vehicle registration if the person files and maintains evidence of financial responsibility for each registered vehicle.", "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/TN/htm/TN.601.htm", "source_title": "Texas Transportation Code Sec. 601.340 (Evidence of Financial Responsibility or Suspension of Vehicle Registration Following Suspension or Revocation of Driver's License)", "agency": "Texas Legislature (Texas Constitution and Statutes)", "quote": "(b) The department, unless otherwise required by law, may not suspend a registration under Subsection (a) if the person files and maintains evidence of financial responsibility with the department for each motor vehicle registered in the name of the person.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-sr22-needed-to-end-suspension", "situations": [ "sr-22", "suspended-license" ], "label": "Proof needed before certain Chapter 601 suspensions can end", "value": "required", "unit": "", "detail": "Unless a person files and maintains evidence of financial responsibility, a suspension or revocation under that subchapter may not be terminated and the license may not be renewed or a new one issued.", "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/TN/htm/TN.601.htm", "source_title": "Texas Transportation Code Sec. 601.341 (Evidence of Financial Responsibility; Termination of Penalty)", "agency": "Texas Legislature (Texas Constitution and Statutes)", "quote": "Unless a person whose driver's license or vehicle registration has been suspended or revoked under this subchapter files and maintains evidence of financial responsibility with the department: (1) the suspension or revocation may not be terminated;", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-sr22-dwli-conviction-requires", "situations": [ "sr-22", "suspended-license" ], "label": "SR-22 after a conviction for driving while license invalid", "value": "required, 2 years", "unit": "", "detail": "DPS says a DWLI conviction requires an SR-22 submitted and maintained for two years from the date of conviction.", "source_url": "https://www.dps.texas.gov/section/driver-license/faq/section-10-driving-while-license-invalid-dwli", "source_title": "Section 10: Driving While License Invalid (DWLI)", "agency": "Texas Department of Public Safety", "quote": "If I am convicted of driving while my license is invalid, will I be required to carry an SR-22? Yes. Additionally, the SR-22 must be submitted to the department and maintained for two (2) years from the date of conviction.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-dwi-first-offense-class-b-min-jail", "situations": [ "dui" ], "label": "DWI first offense classification and minimum confinement", "value": "72", "unit": "hours minimum confinement", "detail": "A DWI offense is a Class B misdemeanor with a minimum term of confinement of 72 hours (subject to the enhancements elsewhere in the statute).", "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/PE/htm/PE.49.htm", "source_title": "Texas Penal Code Sec. 49.04 (Driving While Intoxicated)", "agency": "Texas Legislature (Texas Constitution and Statutes)", "quote": "an offense under this section is a Class B misdemeanor, with a minimum term of confinement of 72 hours.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-class-b-misdemeanor-max-penalty", "situations": [ "dui" ], "label": "Maximum punishment for a Class B misdemeanor", "value": "2000", "unit": "USD fine; up to 180 days jail", "detail": "A Class B misdemeanor is punishable by a fine up to $2,000, confinement in jail up to 180 days, or both.", "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/PE/htm/PE.12.htm", "source_title": "Texas Penal Code Sec. 12.22 (Class B Misdemeanor)", "agency": "Texas Legislature (Texas Constitution and Statutes)", "quote": "(1) a fine not to exceed $2,000; (2) confinement in jail for a term not to exceed 180 days; or (3) both such fine and confinement.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-dwi-high-alcohol-concentration-class-a", "situations": [ "dui" ], "label": "DWI with alcohol concentration of 0.15 or more", "value": "Class A misdemeanor", "unit": "", "detail": "If a specimen analysis showed an alcohol concentration of 0.15 or more at the time of analysis, the DWI offense is a Class A misdemeanor.", "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/PE/htm/PE.49.htm", "source_title": "Texas Penal Code Sec. 49.04 (Driving While Intoxicated)", "agency": "Texas Legislature (Texas Constitution and Statutes)", "quote": "an analysis of a specimen of the person's blood, breath, or urine showed an alcohol concentration level of 0.15 or more at the time the analysis was performed, the offense is a Class A misdemeanor.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-class-a-misdemeanor-max-penalty", "situations": [ "dui" ], "label": "Maximum punishment for a Class A misdemeanor", "value": "4000", "unit": "USD fine; up to 1 year jail", "detail": "A Class A misdemeanor is punishable by a fine up to $4,000, confinement in jail up to one year, or both.", "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/PE/htm/PE.12.htm", "source_title": "Texas Penal Code Sec. 12.21 (Class A Misdemeanor)", "agency": "Texas Legislature (Texas Constitution and Statutes)", "quote": "(1) a fine not to exceed $4,000; (2) confinement in jail for a term not to exceed one year; or (3) both such fine and confinement.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-dwi-second-offense-class-a-min-30-days", "situations": [ "dui" ], "label": "DWI with one prior intoxication conviction", "value": "30", "unit": "days minimum confinement", "detail": "A DWI with one prior conviction for an intoxication-related vehicle, aircraft, watercraft or amusement-ride offense is a Class A misdemeanor with a minimum term of confinement of 30 days.", "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/PE/htm/PE.49.htm", "source_title": "Texas Penal Code Sec. 49.09 (Enhanced Offenses and Penalties)", "agency": "Texas Legislature (Texas Constitution and Statutes)", "quote": "is a Class A misdemeanor, with a minimum term of confinement of 30 days, if it is shown on the trial of the offense that the person has previously been convicted one time of an offense relating to the operating of a motor vehicle while intoxicated", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-dwi-third-offense-felony", "situations": [ "dui" ], "label": "DWI with prior intoxication manslaughter or two other prior convictions", "value": "third-degree felony", "unit": "", "detail": "A DWI is a third-degree felony if the person was previously convicted once of intoxication manslaughter, or (under paragraph (2) of the same subsection) twice of other intoxication-related offenses.", "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/PE/htm/PE.49.htm", "source_title": "Texas Penal Code Sec. 49.09 (Enhanced Offenses and Penalties)", "agency": "Texas Legislature (Texas Constitution and Statutes)", "quote": "is a felony of the third degree if it is shown on the trial of the offense that the person has previously been convicted: (1) one time of an offense under Section 49.08", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-dwi-first-conviction-license-suspension", "situations": [ "dui", "suspended-license" ], "label": "Court-set license suspension after a first DWI conviction", "value": "90 days to 1 year", "unit": "", "detail": "On conviction under Penal Code 49.04, 49.045 or 49.07 the court sets a license suspension of not less than 90 days or more than one year, starting within 30 days after conviction.", "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/TN/htm/TN.521.htm", "source_title": "Texas Transportation Code Sec. 521.344 (Suspension for Offenses Involving Intoxication)", "agency": "Texas Legislature (Texas Constitution and Statutes)", "quote": "not less than 90 days or more than one year, if the person is punished under Section 49.04 , 49.045 , or 49.07 , Penal Code", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-dwi-enhanced-license-suspension-180d-2y", "situations": [ "dui", "suspended-license" ], "label": "License suspension for an enhanced DWI under Penal Code 49.09(a) or (b)", "value": "180 days to 2 years", "unit": "", "detail": "If punished under Penal Code 49.09(a) or (b), the court sets a suspension of not less than 180 days or more than two years.", "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/TN/htm/TN.521.htm", "source_title": "Texas Transportation Code Sec. 521.344 (Suspension for Offenses Involving Intoxication)", "agency": "Texas Legislature (Texas Constitution and Statutes)", "quote": "not less than 180 days or more than two years, if the person is punished under Section 49.09 (a) or (b), Penal Code", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-dwi-enhanced-license-suspension-1y-2y", "situations": [ "dui", "suspended-license" ], "label": "License suspension for an enhanced DWI that is also subject to Penal Code 49.09(h)", "value": "1 to 2 years", "unit": "", "detail": "If punished under Penal Code 49.09(a) or (b) and subject to Section 49.09(h), the suspension is not less than one year or more than two years.", "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/TN/htm/TN.521.htm", "source_title": "Texas Transportation Code Sec. 521.344 (Suspension for Offenses Involving Intoxication)", "agency": "Texas Legislature (Texas Constitution and Statutes)", "quote": "not less than one year or more than two years, if the person is punished under Section 49.09 (a) or (b), Penal Code, and is subject to Section 49.09 (h) of that code.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-dwi-suspension-start-window", "situations": [ "dui", "suspended-license" ], "label": "When a court-set DWI suspension begins", "value": "within 30 days after conviction", "unit": "", "detail": "A court-ordered DWI suspension begins on a date set by the court that is not earlier than the conviction date or later than the 30th day after conviction.", "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/TN/htm/TN.521.htm", "source_title": "Texas Transportation Code Sec. 521.344 (Suspension for Offenses Involving Intoxication)", "agency": "Texas Legislature (Texas Constitution and Statutes)", "quote": "begins on a date set by the court that is not earlier than the date of the conviction or later than the 30th day after the date of the conviction, as determined by the court", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-dwi-suspension-credit-for-alr", "situations": [ "dui", "suspended-license" ], "label": "Credit for an ALR refusal suspension toward the DWI suspension", "value": "credit applies", "unit": "", "detail": "The court shall credit a Chapter 724 refusal suspension toward the DWI suspension when the refusal followed an arrest for the same offense; the statute excludes certain people with previous intoxication convictions.", "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/TN/htm/TN.521.htm", "source_title": "Texas Transportation Code Sec. 521.344 (Suspension for Offenses Involving Intoxication)", "agency": "Texas Legislature (Texas Constitution and Statutes)", "quote": "The court shall credit toward the period of suspension a suspension imposed on the person for refusal to give a specimen under Chapter 724 if the refusal followed an arrest for the same offense", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-dwi-conviction-and-alr-separate-suspensions", "situations": [ "dui", "suspended-license" ], "label": "DWI conviction and ALR suspension can both apply", "value": "separate suspensions possible", "unit": "", "detail": "DPS says a person may receive a suspension for a DWI conviction and a suspension for a blood or breath test refusal or failure from the same arrest.", "source_url": "https://www.dps.texas.gov/section/driver-license/alcohol-related-offenses", "source_title": "Alcohol-Related Offenses", "agency": "Texas Department of Public Safety", "quote": "You may receive a suspension for a DWI conviction and a suspension for a blood or breath test refusal or failure resulting from the same arrest.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-dwi-minor-license-suspension", "situations": [ "dui", "suspended-license" ], "label": "License suspension for a driver under 21 convicted of DWI", "value": "1", "unit": "year", "detail": "DPS says a driver under 21 at the time of the violation who is convicted of DWI receives a one-year license suspension; subsequent alcohol-related offenses may result in an 18-month suspension.", "source_url": "https://www.dps.texas.gov/section/driver-license/alcohol-related-offenses", "source_title": "Alcohol-Related Offenses", "agency": "Texas Department of Public Safety", "quote": "you will receive a one-year driver license suspension (subsequent alcohol related offenses may result in an 18 month suspension).", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-dwi-education-program-180-days", "situations": [ "dui", "suspended-license" ], "label": "Deadline to submit alcohol education completion after a DWI conviction", "value": "180", "unit": "days from conviction", "detail": "DPS says evidence of completing the alcohol education program must reach DPS within 180 days of conviction or the license will be revoked.", "source_url": "https://www.dps.texas.gov/section/driver-license/alcohol-related-offenses", "source_title": "Alcohol-Related Offenses", "agency": "Texas Department of Public Safety", "quote": "Evidence of completion of the appropriate Alcohol Education Program must be submitted to the Department within 180 days from date of conviction or the driver license will be revoked.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-dwi-sr22-two-years", "situations": [ "dui", "sr-22" ], "label": "SR-22 requirement after a DWI conviction", "value": "2", "unit": "years", "detail": "DPS lists obtaining an SR-22 as a possible requirement after a DWI conviction, to be maintained for two years from the date of conviction.", "source_url": "https://www.dps.texas.gov/section/driver-license/alcohol-related-offenses", "source_title": "Alcohol-Related Offenses", "agency": "Texas Department of Public Safety", "quote": "Obtain a Financial Responsibility Insurance Certificate (SR-22) from an authorized insurance company (an SR-22 must be maintained for two years from the date of conviction.)", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-dwi-interlock-community-supervision-may", "situations": [ "dui" ], "label": "Court may require an ignition interlock device on community supervision", "value": "court may require", "unit": "", "detail": "The court may require an interlock device on the defendant's vehicle as a condition of community supervision after a conviction under Penal Code 49.04-49.08.", "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/CR/htm/CR.42A.htm", "source_title": "Texas Code of Criminal Procedure Art. 42A.408 (Use of Ignition Interlock Device)", "agency": "Texas Legislature (Texas Constitution and Statutes)", "quote": "The court may require as a condition of community supervision that a defendant placed on community supervision after conviction of an offense under Sections 49.04-49.08, Penal Code, have an ignition interlock device installed", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-dwi-interlock-community-supervision-shall", "situations": [ "dui" ], "label": "When the court must require an ignition interlock device", "value": "court shall require in listed cases", "unit": "", "detail": "The court shall require an interlock device as a condition of community supervision in the cases listed in the article, including a specimen showing an alcohol concentration of 0.15 or more.", "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/CR/htm/CR.42A.htm", "source_title": "Texas Code of Criminal Procedure Art. 42A.408 (Use of Ignition Interlock Device)", "agency": "Texas Legislature (Texas Constitution and Statutes)", "quote": "The court shall require as a condition of community supervision that a defendant described by Subsection (b) have an ignition interlock device installed on the motor vehicle owned by the defendant or on the vehicle most regularly driven by the defendant", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-dwi-interlock-restricted-license", "situations": [ "dui" ], "label": "Interlock restricted license", "value": "required to drive with an interlock", "unit": "", "detail": "DPS says a person ordered to install an ignition interlock device must apply for an Interlock Restricted driver license to be eligible to drive.", "source_url": "https://www.dps.texas.gov/section/driver-license/alcohol-related-offenses", "source_title": "Alcohol-Related Offenses", "agency": "Texas Department of Public Safety", "quote": "You will be required to apply for an Interlock Restricted driver license to be eligible to drive.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-dwi-interlock-cost-borne-by-driver", "situations": [ "dui" ], "label": "Who pays for an ignition interlock device", "value": "the driver, unless the court finds otherwise", "unit": "", "detail": "The person obtains the interlock device at their own expense unless the court finds that to do so is not in the best interest of justice; the court may impose a payment schedule if the person cannot pay.", "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/TN/htm/TN.521.htm", "source_title": "Texas Transportation Code Sec. 521.246 (Ignition Interlock Device Requirement)", "agency": "Texas Legislature (Texas Constitution and Statutes)", "quote": "The person shall obtain the ignition interlock device at the person's own expense unless the court finds that to do so is not in the best interest of justice", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-dwi-interlock-on-occupational-license", "situations": [ "dui", "suspended-license" ], "label": "Interlock restriction on an occupational license after DWI or ALR", "value": "automatic", "unit": "", "detail": "DPS says an occupational license issued after an ALR suspension or DWI conviction carries an interlock restriction regardless of whether the court order requires one.", "source_url": "https://www.dps.texas.gov/section/driver-license/faq/section-12-occupational-license", "source_title": "Section 12: Occupational License", "agency": "Texas Department of Public Safety", "quote": "When someone receives an ALR suspension or is convicted of a DWI, the occupational license will be issued with an interlock restriction regardless of whether or not the court order has an interlock requirement", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-alr-refusal-suspension-180-days", "situations": [ "dui", "suspended-license" ], "label": "ALR suspension for refusing a breath or blood specimen", "value": "180", "unit": "days", "detail": "If a person refuses an officer's request for a specimen, DPS suspends the license for 180 days.", "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/TN/htm/TN.724.htm", "source_title": "Texas Transportation Code Sec. 724.035 (Suspension or Denial of License)", "agency": "Texas Legislature (Texas Constitution and Statutes)", "quote": "the department shall: (1) suspend the person's license to operate a motor vehicle on a public highway for 180 days", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-alr-refusal-suspension-2-years-prior-contact", "situations": [ "dui", "suspended-license" ], "label": "ALR refusal suspension with a prior alcohol or drug enforcement contact", "value": "2", "unit": "years", "detail": "The refusal suspension is two years if the driving record shows one or more alcohol-related or drug-related enforcement contacts in the 10 years before the arrest.", "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/TN/htm/TN.724.htm", "source_title": "Texas Transportation Code Sec. 724.035 (Suspension or Denial of License)", "agency": "Texas Legislature (Texas Constitution and Statutes)", "quote": "The period of suspension or denial is two years if the person's driving record shows one or more alcohol-related or drug-related enforcement contacts, as defined by Section 524.001 (3), during the 10 years preceding the date of the person's arrest.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-alr-test-failure-suspension-90-days", "situations": [ "dui", "suspended-license" ], "label": "ALR suspension for failing a breath or blood test (adult, no prior contact)", "value": "90", "unit": "days", "detail": "For an adult with no alcohol-related or drug-related enforcement contact in the preceding 10 years, the administrative suspension is 90 days.", "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/TN/htm/TN.524.htm", "source_title": "Texas Transportation Code Sec. 524.022 (Period of Suspension)", "agency": "Texas Legislature (Texas Constitution and Statutes)", "quote": "90 days if the person's driving record shows no alcohol-related or drug-related enforcement contact during the 10 years preceding the date of the person's arrest", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-alr-test-failure-suspension-1-year-prior-contact", "situations": [ "dui", "suspended-license" ], "label": "ALR suspension for failing a test with a prior alcohol or drug enforcement contact", "value": "1", "unit": "year", "detail": "For an adult with one or more alcohol-related or drug-related enforcement contacts in the preceding 10 years, the administrative suspension is one year.", "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/TN/htm/TN.524.htm", "source_title": "Texas Transportation Code Sec. 524.022 (Period of Suspension)", "agency": "Texas Legislature (Texas Constitution and Statutes)", "quote": "one year if the person's driving record shows one or more alcohol-related or drug-related enforcement contacts during the 10 years preceding the date of the person's arrest", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-alr-minor-first-suspension-60-days", "situations": [ "dui", "suspended-license" ], "label": "ALR suspension for a minor with no prior listed convictions", "value": "60", "unit": "days", "detail": "For a minor not previously convicted of the listed offenses, the administrative suspension is 60 days (120 days after one prior, 180 days after two or more).", "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/TN/htm/TN.524.htm", "source_title": "Texas Transportation Code Sec. 524.022 (Period of Suspension)", "agency": "Texas Legislature (Texas Constitution and Statutes)", "quote": "A period of suspension under this chapter for a minor is: (1) 60 days if the minor has not been previously convicted of an offense under Section 106.041 , Alcoholic Beverage Code", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-alr-suspension-takes-effect-day-40", "situations": [ "dui", "suspended-license" ], "label": "When an ALR refusal suspension takes effect", "value": "40th day after notice", "unit": "", "detail": "A refusal suspension takes effect on the 40th day after the person receives, or is considered to have received, notice of the suspension.", "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/TN/htm/TN.724.htm", "source_title": "Texas Transportation Code Sec. 724.035 (Suspension or Denial of License)", "agency": "Texas Legislature (Texas Constitution and Statutes)", "quote": "A suspension or denial takes effect on the 40th day after the date on which the person: (1) receives notice of suspension or denial under Section 724.032 (a)", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-alr-hearing-request-deadline-15-days", "situations": [ "dui", "suspended-license" ], "label": "Deadline to request an ALR hearing", "value": "15", "unit": "days after receiving notice", "detail": "A hearing on an ALR suspension is held if the department receives a written request not later than the 15th day after the person receives notice of suspension.", "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/TN/htm/TN.724.htm", "source_title": "Texas Transportation Code Sec. 724.041 (Hearing on Suspension or Denial)", "agency": "Texas Legislature (Texas Constitution and Statutes)", "quote": "not later than the 15th day after the date on which the person receives notice of suspension or denial under Section 724.032 (a)", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-alr-hearing-request-deadline-15-days-dps", "situations": [ "dui", "suspended-license" ], "label": "DPS statement of the ALR hearing deadline", "value": "15", "unit": "days of receiving the DIC-25", "detail": "DPS says a person can request a hearing for an ALR suspension if the request is made within 15 days of receiving the DIC-25.", "source_url": "https://www.dps.texas.gov/section/driver-license/faq/section-19-administrative-license-revocation-alr", "source_title": "Section 19: Administrative License Revocation (ALR)", "agency": "Texas Department of Public Safety", "quote": "Can I request a hearing for an ALR suspension? Yes, if you request the hearing within 15 days of receiving the DIC-25.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-alr-hearing-request-stays-suspension", "situations": [ "dui", "suspended-license" ], "label": "Effect of requesting an ALR hearing", "value": "suspension stayed", "unit": "", "detail": "A timely request for a hearing stays the suspension until the date of the final decision of the administrative law judge.", "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/TN/htm/TN.724.htm", "source_title": "Texas Transportation Code Sec. 724.041 (Hearing on Suspension or Denial)", "agency": "Texas Legislature (Texas Constitution and Statutes)", "quote": "A request for a hearing stays the suspension or denial until the date of the final decision of the administrative law judge.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-alr-hearing-no-show-final", "situations": [ "dui", "suspended-license" ], "label": "Missing the ALR hearing", "value": "affirmative finding, final", "unit": "", "detail": "DPS says failure to appear for the ALR hearing results in an affirmative finding and a final judgment.", "source_url": "https://www.dps.texas.gov/section/driver-license/faq/section-19-administrative-license-revocation-alr", "source_title": "Section 19: Administrative License Revocation (ALR)", "agency": "Texas Department of Public Safety", "quote": "Failure to appear for the hearing will result in an affirmative finding and the judgement will be final.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-alr-reinstatement-fee-125", "situations": [ "dui", "suspended-license" ], "label": "ALR reinstatement fee", "value": "125", "unit": "USD", "detail": "A license suspended under Chapter 724 may not be reinstated until the person pays a $125 fee in addition to any other fee required by law.", "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/TN/htm/TN.724.htm", "source_title": "Texas Transportation Code Sec. 724.046 (Reinstatement of License or Issuance of New License)", "agency": "Texas Legislature (Texas Constitution and Statutes)", "quote": "may not be reinstated or a new license issued until the person whose license has been suspended pays to the department a fee of $125 in addition to any other fee required by law.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-alr-fee-not-required-if-rescinded", "situations": [ "dui", "suspended-license" ], "label": "ALR fee when the suspension is rescinded", "value": "not required", "unit": "", "detail": "If a suspension or denial is rescinded by the department, an administrative law judge, or a court, the $125 fee is not required.", "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/TN/htm/TN.724.htm", "source_title": "Texas Transportation Code Sec. 724.046 (Reinstatement of License or Issuance of New License)", "agency": "Texas Legislature (Texas Constitution and Statutes)", "quote": "If a suspension or denial under this chapter is rescinded by the department, an administrative law judge, or a court, payment of the fee under this section is not required", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-alr-acquittal-rescinds-suspension", "situations": [ "dui", "suspended-license" ], "label": "Acquittal and the ALR suspension", "value": "suspension may not be imposed or is rescinded", "unit": "", "detail": "If a criminal charge from the same arrest results in an acquittal, the ALR suspension may not be imposed, or if already imposed the department rescinds it.", "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/TN/htm/TN.724.htm", "source_title": "Texas Transportation Code Sec. 724.048 (Relationship of Administrative Proceeding to Criminal Proceeding)", "agency": "Texas Legislature (Texas Constitution and Statutes)", "quote": "If a criminal charge arising from the same arrest as a suspension under this chapter results in an acquittal, the suspension under this chapter may not be imposed.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-alr-hearing-negative-finding-refund", "situations": [ "dui", "suspended-license" ], "label": "Refund of ALR fees after a negative hearing finding", "value": "refunded", "unit": "", "detail": "DPS says that if an ALR hearing is granted and the finding is negative, the pending suspension is lifted and associated reinstatement fees are refunded.", "source_url": "https://www.dps.texas.gov/section/driver-license/faq/section-19-administrative-license-revocation-alr", "source_title": "Section 19: Administrative License Revocation (ALR)", "agency": "Texas Department of Public Safety", "quote": "If the hearing is granted and the finding is negative, the pending suspension will be lifted, any reinstatement fees associated with the suspension will be refunded.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-dwi-occupational-license-hearing-required", "situations": [ "dui", "suspended-license" ], "label": "Hearing on an occupational license petition after a DWI conviction", "value": "court hearing required", "unit": "", "detail": "The judge shall hold a hearing on the petition if the license was suspended following a conviction under Penal Code 49.04-49.08.", "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/TN/htm/TN.521.htm", "source_title": "Texas Transportation Code Sec. 521.244 (Determination of Essential Need; Hearing and Order)", "agency": "Texas Legislature (Texas Constitution and Statutes)", "quote": "The judge shall hold a hearing on the petition if the petitioner's license was suspended, revoked, or canceled following a conviction for: (1) an offense under Section 19.05 or Sections 49.04-49.08, Penal Code", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-occupational-license-denial-multiple-dwi", "situations": [ "dui", "suspended-license" ], "label": "Occupational license denial: repeat intoxication convictions", "value": "more than once in 10 years", "unit": "", "detail": "The judge may deny the petition if the petitioner has been convicted more than once in the 10 years before the petition of a Penal Code 49.04-49.08 offense.", "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/TN/htm/TN.521.htm", "source_title": "Texas Transportation Code Sec. 521.244 (Determination of Essential Need; Hearing and Order)", "agency": "Texas Legislature (Texas Constitution and Statutes)", "quote": "has been convicted more than once in the 10 years preceding the date of the petition of an offense to which Sections 49.04-49.08, Penal Code, apply", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-drug-offense-license-suspension-90-days", "situations": [ "suspended-license" ], "label": "License suspension after a drug or controlled substance conviction", "value": "90", "unit": "days", "detail": "DPS says a drug or controlled substance conviction leads to a 90-day license suspension and a required 15-hour drug education class.", "source_url": "https://www.dps.texas.gov/section/driver-license/drug-or-controlled-substance-offenses", "source_title": "Drug or Controlled Substance Offenses", "agency": "Texas Department of Public Safety", "quote": "If you are convicted of a drug or controlled substance offense: Your driver license will be suspended for 90 days; and You are required to complete a 15-hour class in an authorized Drug Education Program .", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-reinstatement-fee-departmental-100", "situations": [ "suspended-license" ], "label": "Reinstatement fee for a departmental suspension", "value": "100", "unit": "USD", "detail": "DPS lists the reinstatement fee for departmental suspensions, such as Driving While License Invalid, as $100.", "source_url": "https://www.dps.texas.gov/section/driver-license/faq/section-7-reinstatement-fees", "source_title": "Section 7: Reinstatement Fees and Special Licenses", "agency": "Texas Department of Public Safety", "quote": "Departmental Suspensions (DI): These are administrative enforcement actions that suspend your driver license or driving privilege (ex. Driving While License Invalid). Reinstatement fee is $100.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-reinstatement-fee-safety-responsibility-100", "situations": [ "suspended-license", "sr-22" ], "label": "Reinstatement fee for a safety responsibility suspension", "value": "100", "unit": "USD", "detail": "DPS lists the reinstatement fee for a safety responsibility suspension, such as failing to file or maintain an SR-22, as $100.", "source_url": "https://www.dps.texas.gov/section/driver-license/faq/section-7-reinstatement-fees", "source_title": "Section 7: Reinstatement Fees and Special Licenses", "agency": "Texas Department of Public Safety", "quote": "if you fail to file or maintain an SR-22 (proof of financial responsibility) after an enforcement action has suspended your driver license or driving privilege. Reinstatement fee is $100.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-reinstatement-fee-alr-125", "situations": [ "suspended-license", "dui" ], "label": "Reinstatement fee for an ALR suspension", "value": "125", "unit": "USD", "detail": "DPS lists the reinstatement fee for an Administrative License Revocation suspension as $125.", "source_url": "https://www.dps.texas.gov/section/driver-license/faq/section-7-reinstatement-fees", "source_title": "Section 7: Reinstatement Fees and Special Licenses", "agency": "Texas Department of Public Safety", "quote": "Administrative License Revocation Suspensions (ALR) : These result from refusing or failing a blood or breath test, leading to the revocation of your driver license, or driving privilege. Reinstatement fee is $125.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-reinstatement-fee-education-program-100", "situations": [ "suspended-license", "dui" ], "label": "Reinstatement fee for an education program suspension", "value": "100", "unit": "USD", "detail": "DPS lists the reinstatement fee for an education program suspension (failure to prove a required Drug, DWI or Subsequent Education Program was completed in time) as $100.", "source_url": "https://www.dps.texas.gov/section/driver-license/faq/section-7-reinstatement-fees", "source_title": "Section 7: Reinstatement Fees and Special Licenses", "agency": "Texas Department of Public Safety", "quote": "Education Program Suspensions : This applies if you fail to provide proof that a required Drug, DWI, or Subsequent Education Program was completed within the timeframe mandated by statute. Reinstatement fee is $100.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-reinstatement-fee-statute-100", "situations": [ "suspended-license" ], "label": "Statutory reinstatement fee after a suspension or revocation under Chapter 521, Subchapter N", "value": "100", "unit": "USD", "detail": "A license suspended or revoked under that subchapter may not be reinstated until the person pays DPS a $100 fee in addition to any other fee required by law.", "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/TN/htm/TN.521.htm", "source_title": "Texas Transportation Code Sec. 521.313 (Reinstatement and Reissuance; Fee)", "agency": "Texas Legislature (Texas Constitution and Statutes)", "quote": "A license suspended or revoked under this subchapter may not be reinstated or another license issued to the person until the person pays the department a fee of $100 in addition to any other fee required by law.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-reinstatement-fee-chapter-601-100", "situations": [ "suspended-license", "sr-22" ], "label": "Statutory reinstatement fee after a Chapter 601 suspension", "value": "100", "unit": "USD", "detail": "A license, registration or privilege suspended under Chapter 601 may not be reinstated until the person pays DPS a $100 fee and complies with the chapter's other requirements.", "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/TN/htm/TN.601.htm", "source_title": "Texas Transportation Code Sec. 601.376 (Reinstatement Fee)", "agency": "Texas Legislature (Texas Constitution and Statutes)", "quote": "(1) pays to the department a fee of $100; and (2) complies with the other requirements of this chapter.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-reinstatement-fees-stack", "situations": [ "suspended-license" ], "label": "Multiple reinstatement fees can apply", "value": "225", "unit": "USD (example: ALR plus safety responsibility)", "detail": "DPS says fees are owed for each enforcement action type, for example an ALR and a safety responsibility suspension total $225.", "source_url": "https://www.dps.texas.gov/section/driver-license/faq/section-7-reinstatement-fees", "source_title": "Section 7: Reinstatement Fees and Special Licenses", "agency": "Texas Department of Public Safety", "quote": "if you receive an Administrative License Revocation and Safety Responsibility Suspension, you will pay a reinstatement fee for each for a total of $225.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-reinstatement-fee-must-be-paid-before-any-license-transaction", "situations": [ "suspended-license" ], "label": "When reinstatement fees must be paid", "value": "before applying, renewing or upgrading", "unit": "", "detail": "DPS says all reinstatement fees must be paid in full before applying for, renewing or upgrading any license, including occupational or interlock licenses.", "source_url": "https://www.dps.texas.gov/section/driver-license/faq/section-7-reinstatement-fees", "source_title": "Section 7: Reinstatement Fees and Special Licenses", "agency": "Texas Department of Public Safety", "quote": "All reinstatement fees must be paid in full before you can apply for, renew, or upgrade any type of driver license. This requirement includes applying for special licenses such as an occupational or interlock driver license.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-reinstatement-fee-no-waiver-no-installments", "situations": [ "suspended-license" ], "label": "Waivers and installment plans for reinstatement fees", "value": "not permitted", "unit": "", "detail": "DPS says Texas law does not permit these fees to be reduced, waived, or paid in installments.", "source_url": "https://www.dps.texas.gov/section/driver-license/faq/section-7-reinstatement-fees", "source_title": "Section 7: Reinstatement Fees and Special Licenses", "agency": "Texas Department of Public Safety", "quote": "Texas law does not permit these fees to be reduced, waived, or paid in installments.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-reinstatement-fee-not-paid-at-license-office", "situations": [ "suspended-license" ], "label": "Paying reinstatement fees at a driver license office", "value": "not possible", "unit": "", "detail": "DPS says driver license offices only handle license and ID issuance and renewal and cannot take reinstatement fee payments.", "source_url": "https://www.dps.texas.gov/section/driver-license/faq/section-7-reinstatement-fees", "source_title": "Section 7: Reinstatement Fees and Special Licenses", "agency": "Texas Department of Public Safety", "quote": "Can I pay my reinstatement fee in a driver license office? No. Driver License offices are only equipped to handle DL and ID issuance and renewal transactions.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-check-eligibility-license-eligibility-page", "situations": [ "suspended-license" ], "label": "How to check license eligibility and what is owed", "value": "DPS License Eligibility page", "unit": "", "detail": "DPS directs people to its License Eligibility webpage to check license status and see what is needed to reinstate, including fees owed.", "source_url": "https://www.dps.texas.gov/section/driver-license/driving-while-license-invalid-dwli", "source_title": "Driving While License is Invalid (DWLI)", "agency": "Texas Department of Public Safety", "quote": "To check the status of your driver license or to determine if you are eligible for reinstatement, visit the License Eligibility webpage.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-eligibility-status-eligible-after-compliance", "situations": [ "suspended-license" ], "label": "When eligibility status shows eligible", "value": "after compliance items processed and suspension period ended", "unit": "", "detail": "DPS says status is updated to eligible once all compliance items are processed and the mandatory suspension period has ended.", "source_url": "https://www.dps.texas.gov/section/driver-license/driving-while-license-invalid-dwli", "source_title": "Driving While License is Invalid (DWLI)", "agency": "Texas Department of Public Safety", "quote": "Once all compliance items have been processed and your mandatory suspension period has ended, your driver eligibility status will be updated to reflect \"eligible\".", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-dwli-offense-definition", "situations": [ "suspended-license" ], "label": "Driving while license invalid: when the offense applies", "value": "offense", "unit": "", "detail": "A person commits the offense by operating a motor vehicle on a highway during a period that the person's license or privilege is suspended or revoked under any Texas law.", "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/TN/htm/TN.521.htm", "source_title": "Texas Transportation Code Sec. 521.457 (Driving While License Invalid)", "agency": "Texas Legislature (Texas Constitution and Statutes)", "quote": "during a period that the person's driver's license or privilege is suspended or revoked under any law of this state", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-dwli-base-penalty-class-c", "situations": [ "suspended-license" ], "label": "Base classification of driving while license invalid", "value": "Class C misdemeanor", "unit": "", "detail": "Unless an enhancement applies, driving while license invalid is a Class C misdemeanor.", "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/TN/htm/TN.521.htm", "source_title": "Texas Transportation Code Sec. 521.457 (Driving While License Invalid)", "agency": "Texas Legislature (Texas Constitution and Statutes)", "quote": "an offense under this section is a Class C misdemeanor.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-class-c-misdemeanor-max-fine", "situations": [ "suspended-license" ], "label": "Maximum fine for a Class C misdemeanor", "value": "500", "unit": "USD", "detail": "A Class C misdemeanor is punishable by a fine not to exceed $500.", "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/PE/htm/PE.12.htm", "source_title": "Texas Penal Code Sec. 12.23 (Class C Misdemeanor)", "agency": "Texas Legislature (Texas Constitution and Statutes)", "quote": "An individual adjudged guilty of a Class C misdemeanor shall be punished by a fine not to exceed $500.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-dwli-class-b-prior-dwli", "situations": [ "suspended-license" ], "label": "Driving while license invalid with a prior DWLI conviction", "value": "Class B misdemeanor", "unit": "", "detail": "The offense is a Class B misdemeanor if the person has previously been convicted of driving while license invalid.", "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/TN/htm/TN.521.htm", "source_title": "Texas Transportation Code Sec. 521.457 (Driving While License Invalid)", "agency": "Texas Legislature (Texas Constitution and Statutes)", "quote": "An offense under this section is a Class B misdemeanor if it is shown on the trial of the offense that the person: (1) has previously been convicted of an offense under this section", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-dwli-class-b-while-uninsured", "situations": [ "suspended-license", "coverage-lapse" ], "label": "Driving while license invalid while also uninsured", "value": "Class B misdemeanor", "unit": "", "detail": "The offense is a Class B misdemeanor if the person was also operating the vehicle in violation of the insurance requirement (Section 601.191).", "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/TN/htm/TN.521.htm", "source_title": "Texas Transportation Code Sec. 521.457 (Driving While License Invalid)", "agency": "Texas Legislature (Texas Constitution and Statutes)", "quote": "(2) at the time of the offense, was operating the motor vehicle in violation of Section 601.191 .", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-dwli-class-b-prior-intoxication-suspension", "situations": [ "suspended-license", "dui" ], "label": "Driving while license invalid after an intoxication-related suspension", "value": "Class B misdemeanor", "unit": "", "detail": "The offense is a Class B misdemeanor if the license was previously suspended as the result of an offense involving operating a motor vehicle while intoxicated.", "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/TN/htm/TN.521.htm", "source_title": "Texas Transportation Code Sec. 521.457 (Driving While License Invalid)", "agency": "Texas Legislature (Texas Constitution and Statutes)", "quote": "the license of the person has previously been suspended as the result of an offense involving the operation of a motor vehicle while intoxicated, the offense is a Class B misdemeanor.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-dwli-departmental-suspension-90-days", "situations": [ "suspended-license" ], "label": "Departmental suspension for an offense or crash while license invalid", "value": "90", "unit": "days", "detail": "DPS says a person convicted of an offense or involved in a crash while their license is invalid is subject to a 90-day departmental suspension.", "source_url": "https://www.dps.texas.gov/section/driver-license/faq/section-10-driving-while-license-invalid-dwli", "source_title": "Section 10: Driving While License Invalid (DWLI)", "agency": "Texas Department of Public Safety", "quote": "you are subject to a departmental suspension for 90-days.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-dwli-mandatory-suspension-up-to-2-years", "situations": [ "suspended-license" ], "label": "Length of a mandatory DWLI suspension", "value": "up to 2", "unit": "years", "detail": "DPS says a mandatory suspension for driving while license invalid can last up to two years.", "source_url": "https://www.dps.texas.gov/section/driver-license/faq/section-10-driving-while-license-invalid-dwli", "source_title": "Section 10: Driving While License Invalid (DWLI)", "agency": "Texas Department of Public Safety", "quote": "A mandatory suspension can last up to two (2) years.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-dwli-hearing-request-20-days", "situations": [ "suspended-license" ], "label": "Deadline to request a hearing on a departmental DWLI suspension", "value": "20", "unit": "days of the original notice", "detail": "DPS says a person is eligible for a hearing if the request is received within 20 days of the original suspension notice.", "source_url": "https://www.dps.texas.gov/section/driver-license/faq/section-10-driving-while-license-invalid-dwli", "source_title": "Section 10: Driving While License Invalid (DWLI)", "agency": "Texas Department of Public Safety", "quote": "You are eligible for a hearing if your request is received within 20 days of the original suspension notice.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-dwli-mandatory-no-hearing", "situations": [ "suspended-license" ], "label": "Hearing for a mandatory DWLI suspension", "value": "not available", "unit": "", "detail": "DPS says a mandatory suspension is not eligible for a departmental hearing because the court has already rendered the final verdict.", "source_url": "https://www.dps.texas.gov/section/driver-license/faq/section-10-driving-while-license-invalid-dwli", "source_title": "Section 10: Driving While License Invalid (DWLI)", "agency": "Texas Department of Public Safety", "quote": "No, a mandatory suspension is not eligible for a departmental hearing.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-crash-suspension-criteria", "situations": [ "suspended-license", "coverage-lapse" ], "label": "License suspension after a crash without insurance", "value": "criteria apply", "unit": "", "detail": "DPS says a license can be suspended under the Safety Responsibility Act after a crash if the officer lists contributing factors indicating responsibility and the driver had no auto insurance.", "source_url": "https://www.dps.texas.gov/section/driver-license/crash-suspension", "source_title": "Crash Suspension", "agency": "Texas Department of Public Safety", "quote": "You were involved in an automobile crash; The investigating officer lists contributing factors that indicate you were responsible; You did not have automobile insurance at the time of the crash;", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-crash-suspension-damage-threshold", "situations": [ "suspended-license", "coverage-lapse" ], "label": "Crash damage threshold for a Safety Responsibility suspension", "value": "1000", "unit": "USD", "detail": "One criterion is that the crash resulted in injury, death, and/or property damage of $1,000 or more.", "source_url": "https://www.dps.texas.gov/section/driver-license/crash-suspension", "source_title": "Crash Suspension", "agency": "Texas Department of Public Safety", "quote": "The crash resulted in injury, death, and/or property damage of $1,000 or more.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-crash-suspension-hearing-20-days", "situations": [ "suspended-license" ], "label": "Deadline to request a hearing on a crash suspension", "value": "20", "unit": "days after the notice", "detail": "DPS says a hearing request can be made up to 20 days after the date of the notice of suspension.", "source_url": "https://www.dps.texas.gov/section/driver-license/crash-suspension", "source_title": "Crash Suspension", "agency": "Texas Department of Public Safety", "quote": "You may request a hearing up to 20 days after the date of the notice of suspension by:", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-insurer-may-cancel-for-suspended-license", "situations": [ "suspended-license", "coverage-lapse" ], "label": "Insurer cancellation when a license or registration is suspended", "value": "permitted", "unit": "", "detail": "An insurer may cancel a personal auto policy if the license or registration of the named insured, or of a household or customary driver, is suspended or revoked.", "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/IN/htm/IN.551.htm", "source_title": "Texas Insurance Code Sec. 551.104 (Authorized Cancellation of Policies)", "agency": "Texas Legislature (Texas Constitution and Statutes)", "quote": "An insurer may cancel a personal automobile insurance policy if the driver's license or motor vehicle registration of the named insured or any other motor vehicle operator who resides in the same household as the named insured", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-insurer-cancellation-avoided-by-driver-exclusion", "situations": [ "suspended-license" ], "label": "Endorsement excluding the suspended driver", "value": "insurer may not cancel if named insured consents", "unit": "", "detail": "An insurer may not cancel for a suspended license if the named insured consents to an endorsement terminating coverage for the person whose license is suspended or revoked.", "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/IN/htm/IN.551.htm", "source_title": "Texas Insurance Code Sec. 551.104 (Authorized Cancellation of Policies)", "agency": "Texas Legislature (Texas Constitution and Statutes)", "quote": "An insurer may not cancel a policy under this subsection if the named insured consents to an endorsement terminating coverage under the policy for the person whose license is suspended or revoked.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-occupational-license-purposes", "situations": [ "suspended-license" ], "label": "What an occupational license allows", "value": "work, essential household duties, school", "unit": "", "detail": "DPS says an occupational license allows operating a non-commercial motor vehicle only for work, essential household duties, or school-related activities.", "source_url": "https://www.dps.texas.gov/section/driver-license/occupational-driver-license", "source_title": "Occupational Driver License", "agency": "Texas Department of Public Safety", "quote": "authorizes you to operate a non-commercial motor vehicle only in connection with: Work, Performance of essential household duties, or School-related activities", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-occupational-license-eligibility", "situations": [ "suspended-license" ], "label": "Who is eligible to apply for an occupational license", "value": "suspended, revoked or cancelled for a cause other than medical", "unit": "", "detail": "A person is eligible if their license was suspended, revoked, or cancelled for a cause other than a physical or mental disability or a determination of incapacity to drive safely.", "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/TN/htm/TN.521.htm", "source_title": "Texas Transportation Code Sec. 521.242 (Eligibility)", "agency": "Texas Legislature (Texas Constitution and Statutes)", "quote": "A person is eligible to apply for an occupational driver's license if: (1) the person's license has been suspended, revoked, or canceled for a cause other than: (A) a physical or mental disability or impairment;", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-occupational-license-no-commercial-vehicle", "situations": [ "suspended-license" ], "label": "Occupational license and commercial vehicles", "value": "not authorized", "unit": "", "detail": "An occupational driver's license does not authorize operating a commercial motor vehicle to which Chapter 522 applies.", "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/TN/htm/TN.521.htm", "source_title": "Texas Transportation Code Sec. 521.242 (Eligibility)", "agency": "Texas Legislature (Texas Constitution and Statutes)", "quote": "An occupational driver's license does not authorize a person to operate a commercial motor vehicle to which Chapter 522 applies.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-occupational-license-petition-court", "situations": [ "suspended-license" ], "label": "Where to petition for an occupational license", "value": "justice, county or district court", "unit": "", "detail": "DPS says a petition goes to the justice of the peace, county or district court where the person resides, or the court of original jurisdiction where the offense occurred.", "source_url": "https://www.dps.texas.gov/section/driver-license/occupational-driver-license", "source_title": "Occupational Driver License", "agency": "Texas Department of Public Safety", "quote": "You must petition the Justice of the Peace, county or district court where you currently reside, or to the court of original jurisdiction where the offense has occurred, to obtain an occupational driver license.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-occupational-license-court-order-not-license", "situations": [ "suspended-license" ], "label": "The court order is not the license itself", "value": "order must be submitted to DPS", "unit": "", "detail": "DPS says the court order is not the occupational driver license and must be submitted to DPS with other documentation.", "source_url": "https://www.dps.texas.gov/section/driver-license/occupational-driver-license", "source_title": "Occupational Driver License", "agency": "Texas Department of Public Safety", "quote": "This court order is not the occupational driver license. You must submit the court order to the Department along with the other necessary documentation for the issuance of an occupational driver license.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-occupational-license-documents-required", "situations": [ "suspended-license", "sr-22" ], "label": "Documents DPS requires for an occupational license", "value": "petition, court order, SR-22, fees", "unit": "", "detail": "DPS lists a certified petition copy, a signed and stamped court order, an SR-22, payment of reinstatement fees, and the occupational license fee.", "source_url": "https://www.dps.texas.gov/section/driver-license/faq/section-12-occupational-license", "source_title": "Section 12: Occupational License", "agency": "Texas Department of Public Safety", "quote": "A certified copy of the petition A signed and stamped court order (which must include the allowable hours and counties) An SR-22, proof of financial responsibility A check or money order for all reinstatement fees owed", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-occupational-license-fee-statute", "situations": [ "suspended-license" ], "label": "Fee for issuing or renewing an occupational license", "value": "10", "unit": "USD", "detail": "The statutory fee for issuance or renewal of an occupational driver's license is $10.", "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/TN/htm/TN.521.htm", "source_title": "Texas Transportation Code Sec. 521.421 (License Fees; Examination Fees)", "agency": "Texas Legislature (Texas Constitution and Statutes)", "quote": "The fee for issuance or renewal of an occupational driver's license is $10.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-occupational-license-max-term", "situations": [ "suspended-license" ], "label": "Maximum length of an occupational license", "value": "2", "unit": "years", "detail": "DPS says an occupational license is typically issued for one year or less and the maximum issuance is two years; the court must grant issuance beyond one year.", "source_url": "https://www.dps.texas.gov/section/driver-license/occupational-driver-license", "source_title": "Occupational Driver License", "agency": "Texas Department of Public Safety", "quote": "An occupational license is typically issued for one year or less; the maximum length of issuance is two years.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-occupational-license-court-costs", "situations": [ "suspended-license" ], "label": "Court filing cost for an occupational license petition", "value": "court's civil filing fee or statement of inability to pay", "unit": "", "detail": "A petitioner must pay the court's civil filing fee or file a statement of inability to afford payment of court costs.", "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/TN/htm/TN.521.htm", "source_title": "Texas Transportation Code Sec. 521.2422 (Court Costs)", "agency": "Texas Legislature (Texas Constitution and Statutes)", "quote": "A petitioner must pay the filing fee the court charges for filing a civil action or file a statement of inability to afford payment of court costs under the Texas Rules of Civil Procedure.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-occupational-license-denial-no-proof-of-insurance", "situations": [ "suspended-license" ], "label": "Occupational license petition denial for no proof of financial responsibility", "value": "judge may deny", "unit": "", "detail": "The judge may deny the petition if the petitioner is unable to present evidence of financial responsibility under Chapter 601.", "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/TN/htm/TN.521.htm", "source_title": "Texas Transportation Code Sec. 521.244 (Determination of Essential Need; Hearing and Order)", "agency": "Texas Legislature (Texas Constitution and Statutes)", "quote": "The judge may also enter an order denying the petition if the petitioner: (1) is unable to present evidence of financial responsibility under Chapter 601", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-taipa-application-submitted-with-down-payment", "situations": [ "no-down-payment", "general" ], "label": "TAIPA application and down payment", "value": "sent with the application", "unit": "", "detail": "TAIPA states the producer mails the completed, signed application to TAIPA within one business day, along with the down payment.", "source_url": "https://taipa.org/for-insured/", "source_title": "For Insureds", "agency": "Texas Automobile Insurance Plan Association", "quote": "The producer then mails the completed, signed application to TAIPA within one business day, along with the down payment.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-premium-finance-rate-cap", "situations": [ "no-down-payment" ], "label": "Rate limit on premium financing", "value": "capped by Finance Code Chapter 342", "unit": "", "detail": "A premium finance company may not take from an insured a greater rate or charge than is authorized by Chapter 342 of the Finance Code.", "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/IN/htm/IN.651.htm", "source_title": "Texas Insurance Code Sec. 651.109 (Limitations on Rates and Charges)", "agency": "Texas Legislature (Texas Constitution and Statutes)", "quote": "An insurance premium finance company may not take or receive from an insured a greater rate or charge than is authorized by Chapter 342 , Finance Code.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-premium-finance-charge-after-down-payment", "situations": [ "no-down-payment" ], "label": "How the finance charge is computed", "value": "on the balance after the down payment", "unit": "", "detail": "The finance charge is computed on the balance of the premiums due after subtracting any down payment made under the premium finance agreement.", "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/IN/htm/IN.651.htm", "source_title": "Texas Insurance Code Sec. 651.109 (Limitations on Rates and Charges)", "agency": "Texas Legislature (Texas Constitution and Statutes)", "quote": "The finance charge is computed on the balance of the premiums due after subtracting any down payment made by the insured in accordance with the premium finance agreement.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-premium-finance-unauthorized-charges-prohibited", "situations": [ "no-down-payment" ], "label": "Charges in a premium finance agreement", "value": "only authorized charges", "unit": "", "detail": "In connection with a premium finance agreement, an insurance charge or any other charge or fee may not be imposed unless authorized by Chapter 651.", "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/IN/htm/IN.651.htm", "source_title": "Texas Insurance Code Sec. 651.108 (Certain Charges Prohibited)", "agency": "Texas Legislature (Texas Constitution and Statutes)", "quote": "an insurance charge or any other charge or fee may not be imposed unless the charge or fee is authorized by this chapter.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-premium-finance-agreement-states-down-payment", "situations": [ "no-down-payment" ], "label": "Premium finance agreement must state the down payment", "value": "required content", "unit": "", "detail": "A premium finance agreement must contain the amount of any down payment and the principal balance, which is the difference between total premiums and the down payment.", "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/IN/htm/IN.651.htm", "source_title": "Texas Insurance Code Sec. 651.151 (Required Form and Contents of Premium Finance Agreement)", "agency": "Texas Legislature (Texas Constitution and Statutes)", "quote": "(7) the amount of any down payment; (8) the principal balance, which is the difference between the amounts under Subdivisions (6) and (7);", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-premium-finance-advertising-not-deceptive", "situations": [ "no-down-payment" ], "label": "Advertising of premium finance terms", "value": "no false, misleading or deceptive statements", "unit": "", "detail": "A premium finance license holder may not advertise any false, misleading, or deceptive statement about the rates, terms, or conditions of a premium finance agreement.", "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/IN/htm/IN.651.htm", "source_title": "Texas Insurance Code Sec. 651.111 (Deceptive Advertising Prohibited)", "agency": "Texas Legislature (Texas Constitution and Statutes)", "quote": "may not advertise or cause to be advertised in any manner any false, misleading, or deceptive statement or representation with regard to the rates, terms, or conditions of a premium finance agreement.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-premium-finance-cancellation-notice-10-days", "situations": [ "no-down-payment" ], "label": "Notice before a premium finance company cancels for missed payment", "value": "10", "unit": "days minimum from mailing", "detail": "The premium finance company must mail written notice of cancellation for default; the stated cure time may not be earlier than the 10th day after the notice is mailed.", "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/IN/htm/IN.651.htm", "source_title": "Texas Insurance Code Sec. 651.161 (Cancellation of Insurance Contract)", "agency": "Texas Legislature (Texas Constitution and Statutes)", "quote": "The stated time may not be earlier than the 10th day after the date the notice is mailed.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-premium-finance-cancel-only-for-missed-payment", "situations": [ "no-down-payment" ], "label": "When a premium finance company may cancel", "value": "failure to pay as agreed", "unit": "", "detail": "A premium finance company may not cancel an insurance contract in a premium finance agreement except for the insured's failure to make a payment at the time and in the amount provided in the agreement.", "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/IN/htm/IN.651.htm", "source_title": "Texas Insurance Code Sec. 651.161 (Cancellation of Insurance Contract)", "agency": "Texas Legislature (Texas Constitution and Statutes)", "quote": "An insurance premium finance company may not cancel an insurance contract listed in a premium finance agreement except as provided by this section for an insured's failure to make a payment at the time and in the amount provided in the agreement.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-inspection-proof-policy-30-day-minimum", "situations": [ "no-down-payment", "coverage-lapse" ], "label": "Minimum policy term usable as proof for inspection", "value": "30", "unit": "days", "detail": "For inspection, a personal auto policy used as evidence of financial responsibility must be written for a term of 30 days or more.", "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/TN/htm/TN.548.htm", "source_title": "Texas Transportation Code Sec. 548.2521 (Evidence of Financial Responsibility as Prerequisite to Issuance of Passing Vehicle Inspection Report)", "agency": "Texas Legislature (Texas Constitution and Statutes)", "quote": "A personal automobile insurance policy used as evidence of financial responsibility must be written for a term of 30 days or more as required by Section 1952.054 , Insurance Code.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-tdi-totaled-meaning", "situations": [ "after-a-crash" ], "label": "How TDI says an insurer decides a car is totaled", "value": "Repair cost about the same or more than the car's value", "unit": "", "detail": "TDI says an insurer will likely consider a car totaled when the repair cost is about the same as or more than the car's value.", "source_url": "https://www.tdi.texas.gov/tips/car-totaled.html", "source_title": "My car was totaled! Now what?", "agency": "Texas Department of Insurance", "quote": "If the cost to repair the car is about the same or more than the value of your car, the insurance company will likely consider it totaled.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-tdi-totaled-lower-repair-cost-possible", "situations": [ "after-a-crash" ], "label": "Insurer may total a car with a lower repair cost", "value": "Possible", "unit": "", "detail": "TDI says some companies might total a car even when the cost to fix it is lower than its value.", "source_url": "https://www.tdi.texas.gov/tips/car-totaled.html", "source_title": "My car was totaled! Now what?", "agency": "Texas Department of Insurance", "quote": "Some companies might total your car even if the cost to fix it is lower.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-tdi-totaled-ask-valuation-source", "situations": [ "after-a-crash" ], "label": "Asking the insurer for its car-value source", "value": "Can ask", "unit": "", "detail": "TDI says a policyholder can ask the insurance company what source it used to decide the car's value.", "source_url": "https://www.tdi.texas.gov/tips/car-totaled.html", "source_title": "My car was totaled! Now what?", "agency": "Texas Department of Insurance", "quote": "You can ask the insurance company what source it used to decide your car's value.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-tdi-totaled-negotiate-value", "situations": [ "after-a-crash" ], "label": "Negotiating a totaled-car value", "value": "Can try to negotiate", "unit": "", "detail": "TDI says a policyholder who thinks the car is worth more than the insurer decided can try to negotiate.", "source_url": "https://www.tdi.texas.gov/tips/car-totaled.html", "source_title": "My car was totaled! Now what?", "agency": "Texas Department of Insurance", "quote": "If you think your car is worth more than what the insurance company decided, you can try to negotiate.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-tdi-totaled-payout-value-minus-depreciation", "situations": [ "after-a-crash" ], "label": "Totaled-car payout basis", "value": "Car's value minus depreciation", "unit": "", "detail": "TDI says that if the company totals a car it pays the car's value minus depreciation.", "source_url": "https://www.tdi.texas.gov/pubs/consumer/cb020.html", "source_title": "Automobile insurance guide (TDI consumer publication)", "agency": "Texas Department of Insurance", "quote": "If the company totals your car, it will pay your car’s value minus depreciation.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-tdi-totaled-not-replacement-with-new", "situations": [ "after-a-crash" ], "label": "Totaled-car payout and a new replacement car", "value": "Not paid", "unit": "", "detail": "TDI says an insurer will not pay to replace a totaled car with a new car of the same make and model.", "source_url": "https://www.tdi.texas.gov/pubs/consumer/cb020.html", "source_title": "Automobile insurance guide (TDI consumer publication)", "agency": "Texas Department of Insurance", "quote": "It won’t pay to replace your car with a new car that’s the same make and model as your totaled car.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-tdi-totaled-payout-may-not-cover-loan", "situations": [ "after-a-crash" ], "label": "Totaled-car payout versus a loan balance", "value": "May fall short", "unit": "", "detail": "TDI says the payout for a totaled car might not be enough to pay off a loan on it.", "source_url": "https://www.tdi.texas.gov/pubs/consumer/cb020.html", "source_title": "Automobile insurance guide (TDI consumer publication)", "agency": "Texas Department of Insurance", "quote": "If you still owe money on your car, the amount the company will pay you if it totals your car might not be enough to pay off your loan.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-tdi-actual-cash-value-limit", "situations": [ "after-a-crash" ], "label": "Cap on repair or replacement payments", "value": "Actual cash value", "unit": "", "detail": "TDI says insurance companies pay for repair or replacement of a car only up to its actual cash value.", "source_url": "https://www.tdi.texas.gov/pubs/consumer/cb020.html", "source_title": "Automobile insurance guide (TDI consumer publication)", "agency": "Texas Department of Insurance", "quote": "Insurance companies will pay for repairs or replacement of your car only up to its actual cash value.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-tdi-actual-cash-value-definition", "situations": [ "after-a-crash" ], "label": "TDI definition of actual cash value", "value": "Cost to replace the car minus depreciation", "unit": "", "detail": "TDI defines actual cash value as the cost to replace the car, minus depreciation.", "source_url": "https://www.tdi.texas.gov/pubs/consumer/cb020.html", "source_title": "Automobile insurance guide (TDI consumer publication)", "agency": "Texas Department of Insurance", "quote": "Actual cash value is the cost to replace your car, minus depreciation.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-tdi-totaled-keep-car-salvage-value-subtracted", "situations": [ "after-a-crash" ], "label": "Keeping a totaled car: salvage value", "value": "Subtracted from the payment", "unit": "", "detail": "TDI says that when an owner keeps a totaled car, the insurer subtracts the car's salvage value from the amount it planned to pay.", "source_url": "https://www.tdi.texas.gov/tips/car-totaled.html", "source_title": "My car was totaled! Now what?", "agency": "Texas Department of Insurance", "quote": "The insurance company will subtract the car’s salvage value from the amount it was planning to pay you.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-tdi-totaled-keep-car-new-title-after-repair", "situations": [ "after-a-crash" ], "label": "Keeping a totaled car: title after repair", "value": "New title from TxDMV", "unit": "", "detail": "TDI says that after a kept, totaled car is repaired the owner needs a new title from the Texas Department of Motor Vehicles before driving it.", "source_url": "https://www.tdi.texas.gov/tips/car-totaled.html", "source_title": "My car was totaled! Now what?", "agency": "Texas Department of Insurance", "quote": "After it’s repaired, you’ll need to get a new title from the Texas Department of Motor Vehicles before you can drive it.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-tdi-nonrepairable-title-no-retitle-or-registration", "situations": [ "after-a-crash" ], "label": "Nonrepairable title", "value": "Cannot be retitled or registered", "unit": "", "detail": "TDI says a car issued a nonrepairable title can't be retitled or registered.", "source_url": "https://www.tdi.texas.gov/pubs/consumer/cb020.html", "source_title": "Automobile insurance guide (TDI consumer publication)", "agency": "Texas Department of Insurance", "quote": "If your car is issued a nonrepairable title, it can’t be retitled or registered.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-nonrepairable-owner-may-not-operate-repair-register", "situations": [ "after-a-crash" ], "label": "What the owner of a nonrepairable vehicle may not do", "value": "No operating, repairing or registering", "unit": "", "detail": "The statute says the owner of a nonrepairable motor vehicle may not operate it on a public highway, repair, rebuild or reconstruct it, or register it.", "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/TN/htm/TN.501.htm", "source_title": "Texas Transportation Code Sec. 501.09111 (Rights and Limitations of Nonrepairable Vehicle Title, Salvage Vehicle Title, or Salvage Record of Title)", "agency": "Texas Legislature (Texas Constitution and Statutes)", "quote": "may not: (A) operate or permit the operation of the motor vehicle on a public highway, in addition to any other requirement of law; (B) repair, rebuild, or reconstruct the motor vehicle; or (C) register the motor vehicle.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-salvage-title-former-condition-disclosed", "situations": [ "after-a-crash" ], "label": "Title issued after a salvage vehicle is rebuilt", "value": "Must disclose former condition", "unit": "", "detail": "The statute says a title issued for a repaired salvage vehicle must describe or disclose its former condition in a way a buyer can reasonably understand.", "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/TN/htm/TN.501.htm", "source_title": "Texas Transportation Code Sec. 501.100 (Application for Regular Certificate of Title for Salvage Vehicle)", "agency": "Texas Legislature (Texas Constitution and Statutes)", "quote": "A title issued under this section must describe or disclose the motor vehicle's former condition in a manner reasonably understandable to a potential purchaser of the motor vehicle.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-insurer-acquiring-wreck-applies-for-title", "situations": [ "after-a-crash" ], "label": "Insurer that acquires a salvage or nonrepairable vehicle", "value": "Must apply for a salvage or nonrepairable title", "unit": "", "detail": "The statute says an insurer that acquires a salvage or nonrepairable vehicle by paying a claim must apply for a salvage title for a salvage vehicle or a nonrepairable title for a nonrepairable vehicle.", "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/TN/htm/TN.501.htm", "source_title": "Texas Transportation Code Sec. 501.1001 (Salvage Motor Vehicles or Nonrepairable Motor Vehicles for Insurance Companies or Self-Insured Persons)", "agency": "Texas Legislature (Texas Constitution and Statutes)", "quote": "For a salvage motor vehicle, the insurance company shall apply for a salvage vehicle title or salvage record of title. For a nonrepairable motor vehicle, the insurance company shall apply for a nonrepairable vehicle title or nonrepairable record of title.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-owner-retained-insurer-report-31st-day", "situations": [ "after-a-crash" ], "label": "Insurer report when the owner keeps a wrecked vehicle", "value": "Before the 31st day after payment", "unit": "", "detail": "The statute says an insurer that pays a claim on a salvage or nonrepairable vehicle without acquiring ownership must report that to the department before the 31st day after payment.", "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/TN/htm/TN.501.htm", "source_title": "Texas Transportation Code Sec. 501.1002 (Owner-Retained Vehicles)", "agency": "Texas Legislature (Texas Constitution and Statutes)", "quote": "submit to the department, before the 31st day after the date of the payment of the claim, on the form prescribed by the department, a report stating that the insurance company: (A) has paid a claim on the motor vehicle; and (B) has not acquired ownership of the motor vehicle", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-tdi-body-shop-any-shop-you-choose", "situations": [ "after-a-crash" ], "label": "Choosing a repair shop", "value": "Any shop you choose", "unit": "", "detail": "TDI says an insurer might give a list of body shops but the policyholder can take the car to any shop they choose.", "source_url": "https://www.tdi.texas.gov/tips/what-to-do-after-a-wreck.html", "source_title": "Were you in a wreck? Tips for auto insurance claims", "agency": "Texas Department of Insurance", "quote": "Your insurance company might give you a list of body shops, but you can take your car to any shop you choose.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-tdi-preferred-shops-cannot-be-required", "situations": [ "after-a-crash" ], "label": "Insurer list of preferred repair shops", "value": "Cannot be required", "unit": "", "detail": "TDI says a company may give a list of preferred repair shops but cannot require the policyholder to use a shop on it.", "source_url": "https://www.tdi.texas.gov/pubs/consumer/cb020.html", "source_title": "Automobile insurance guide (TDI consumer publication)", "agency": "Texas Department of Insurance", "quote": "Some companies might give you a list of preferred repair shops, but they can’t require you to use a shop on its list.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-tdi-repair-estimate-increase-paid-if-agreed", "situations": [ "after-a-crash" ], "label": "Extra repair costs found at the shop", "value": "Paid if the insurer agrees with the new estimate", "unit": "", "detail": "TDI says the insurer pays for extra repairs if it agrees with the body shop's new estimate.", "source_url": "https://www.tdi.texas.gov/tips/what-to-do-after-a-wreck.html", "source_title": "Were you in a wreck? Tips for auto insurance claims", "agency": "Texas Department of Insurance", "quote": "Your company will pay for the extra repairs if it agrees with the estimate.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-tdi-rental-reimbursement-coverage", "situations": [ "after-a-crash" ], "label": "Rental reimbursement coverage", "value": "Pays for a rental car while yours is stolen or being repaired", "unit": "", "detail": "TDI says rental reimbursement coverage pays for a rental car if yours is stolen or being repaired after an accident.", "source_url": "https://www.tdi.texas.gov/pubs/consumer/cb020.html", "source_title": "Automobile insurance guide (TDI consumer publication)", "agency": "Texas Department of Insurance", "quote": "Rental reimbursement coverage pays for you to rent a car if yours is stolen or being repaired after an accident.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-tdi-rental-other-driver-insurer-pays", "situations": [ "after-a-crash" ], "label": "Rental car when another driver caused the accident", "value": "Other driver's insurer pays", "unit": "", "detail": "TDI says that if another driver caused the accident, the other driver's insurance company will pay for a rental car.", "source_url": "https://www.tdi.texas.gov/pubs/consumer/cb020.html", "source_title": "Automobile insurance guide (TDI consumer publication)", "agency": "Texas Department of Insurance", "quote": "If your accident was caused by another driver, the other driver’s insurance company will pay for you to rent a car.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-tdi-rental-only-reasonable-repair-time", "situations": [ "after-a-crash" ], "label": "Length of rental coverage from your own insurer", "value": "Time the insurer believes is reasonable", "unit": "", "detail": "TDI says your own insurer pays for a rental only for the time it believes is reasonable to repair or replace the car.", "source_url": "https://www.tdi.texas.gov/pubs/consumer/cb020.html", "source_title": "Automobile insurance guide (TDI consumer publication)", "agency": "Texas Department of Insurance", "quote": "Your insurance company will pay for a rental car only for the time it believes is reasonable to repair or replace your car.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-claim-acknowledge-and-investigate-15-days", "situations": [ "after-a-crash" ], "label": "Deadline to acknowledge a claim and start investigating", "value": "15", "unit": "days", "detail": "The statute says an insurer must acknowledge receipt of a claim and commence any investigation of it not later than the 15th day after it receives notice of the claim (30th business day for eligible surplus lines insurers).", "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/IN/htm/IN.542.htm", "source_title": "Texas Insurance Code Sec. 542.055 (Receipt of Notice of Claim)", "agency": "Texas Legislature (Texas Constitution and Statutes)", "quote": "Not later than the 15th day or, if the insurer is an eligible surplus lines insurer, the 30th business day after the date an insurer receives notice of a claim, the insurer shall: (1) acknowledge receipt of the claim; (2) commence any investigation of the claim;", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-claim-accept-or-reject-15-business-days", "situations": [ "after-a-crash" ], "label": "Deadline to accept or reject a claim", "value": "15", "unit": "business days", "detail": "The statute says an insurer must notify the claimant in writing of acceptance or rejection not later than the 15th business day after it receives all items, statements and forms it requires to secure final proof of loss (subject to the exceptions in Sec. 542.056).", "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/IN/htm/IN.542.htm", "source_title": "Texas Insurance Code Sec. 542.056 (Notice of Acceptance or Rejection of Claim)", "agency": "Texas Legislature (Texas Constitution and Statutes)", "quote": "Except as provided by Subsection (b) or (d), an insurer shall notify a claimant in writing of the acceptance or rejection of a claim not later than the 15th business day after the date the insurer receives all items, statements, and forms required by the insurer to secure final proof of loss.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-claim-rejection-must-state-reasons", "situations": [ "after-a-crash", "complaints" ], "label": "Reasons required in a claim rejection notice", "value": "Reasons for the rejection", "unit": "", "detail": "The statute says a notice rejecting a claim must state the reasons for the rejection.", "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/IN/htm/IN.542.htm", "source_title": "Texas Insurance Code Sec. 542.056 (Notice of Acceptance or Rejection of Claim)", "agency": "Texas Legislature (Texas Constitution and Statutes)", "quote": "If the insurer rejects the claim, the notice required by Subsection (a) or (b) must state the reasons for the rejection.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-claim-need-more-time-notice-same-period", "situations": [ "after-a-crash" ], "label": "Notice when an insurer needs more time to decide", "value": "Within the same period, with the reasons", "unit": "", "detail": "The statute says an insurer unable to accept or reject within the period must, within that same period, tell the claimant why it needs more time.", "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/IN/htm/IN.542.htm", "source_title": "Texas Insurance Code Sec. 542.056 (Notice of Acceptance or Rejection of Claim)", "agency": "Texas Legislature (Texas Constitution and Statutes)", "quote": "If the insurer is unable to accept or reject the claim within the period specified by Subsection (a) or (b), the insurer, within that same period, shall notify the claimant of the reasons that the insurer needs additional time.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-claim-decision-45th-day-after-delay-notice", "situations": [ "after-a-crash" ], "label": "Outer deadline to decide after a delay notice", "value": "45", "unit": "days", "detail": "The statute says an insurer that gave notice that it needs more time must accept or reject the claim not later than the 45th day after it notifies the claimant.", "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/IN/htm/IN.542.htm", "source_title": "Texas Insurance Code Sec. 542.056 (Notice of Acceptance or Rejection of Claim)", "agency": "Texas Legislature (Texas Constitution and Statutes)", "quote": "The insurer shall accept or reject the claim not later than the 45th day after the date the insurer notifies a claimant under this subsection.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-claim-payment-5-business-days-after-notice", "situations": [ "after-a-crash" ], "label": "Deadline to pay after notifying the claimant it will pay", "value": "5", "unit": "business days", "detail": "The statute says that after notifying a claimant it will pay a claim or part of a claim, an insurer must pay not later than the fifth business day after the notice is made.", "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/IN/htm/IN.542.htm", "source_title": "Texas Insurance Code Sec. 542.057 (Payment of Claim)", "agency": "Texas Legislature (Texas Constitution and Statutes)", "quote": "Except as otherwise provided by this section, if an insurer notifies a claimant under Section 542.056 that the insurer will pay a claim or part of a claim, the insurer shall pay the claim not later than the fifth business day after the date notice is made.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-claim-payment-5-business-days-after-claimant-act", "situations": [ "after-a-crash" ], "label": "Deadline to pay when payment depends on an act by the claimant", "value": "5", "unit": "business days", "detail": "The statute says that when payment is conditioned on an act by the claimant, the insurer must pay not later than the fifth business day after the act is performed.", "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/IN/htm/IN.542.htm", "source_title": "Texas Insurance Code Sec. 542.057 (Payment of Claim)", "agency": "Texas Legislature (Texas Constitution and Statutes)", "quote": "If payment of the claim or part of the claim is conditioned on the performance of an act by the claimant, the insurer shall pay the claim not later than the fifth business day after the date the act is performed.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-claim-payment-delay-60-days-damages", "situations": [ "after-a-crash" ], "label": "Payment delay that triggers damages", "value": "60", "unit": "days", "detail": "The statute says an insurer that delays payment for more than the period set by other statutes, or more than 60 days if none is set, after receiving all items it reasonably requested must pay damages and other items under Sec. 542.060.", "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/IN/htm/IN.542.htm", "source_title": "Texas Insurance Code Sec. 542.058 (Delay in Payment of Claim)", "agency": "Texas Legislature (Texas Constitution and Statutes)", "quote": "delays payment of the claim for a period exceeding the period specified by other applicable statutes or, if other statutes do not specify a period, for more than 60 days, the insurer shall pay damages and other items as provided by Section 542.060 .", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-claim-late-payment-interest-18-percent", "situations": [ "after-a-crash" ], "label": "Interest on a claim paid in violation of the prompt payment subchapter", "value": "18", "unit": "percent a year", "detail": "The statute says an insurer liable for a claim that does not comply with the subchapter owes, in addition to the claim, interest at 18 percent a year as damages plus reasonable attorney's fees (Sec. 542.060(c) sets a different rate for actions to which Chapter 542A applies).", "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/IN/htm/IN.542.htm", "source_title": "Texas Insurance Code Sec. 542.060 (Liability for Violation of Subchapter)", "agency": "Texas Legislature (Texas Constitution and Statutes)", "quote": "the insurer is liable to pay the holder of the policy or the beneficiary making the claim under the policy, in addition to the amount of the claim, interest on the amount of the claim at the rate of 18 percent a year as damages, together with reasonable and necessary attorney's fees.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-prompt-payment-claim-means-first-party", "situations": [ "after-a-crash" ], "label": "Kind of claim covered by the prompt payment subchapter", "value": "First-party claims", "unit": "", "detail": "For the prompt payment subchapter, a claim is a first-party claim made by an insured, policyholder or named beneficiary that must be paid by the insurer directly to that person.", "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/IN/htm/IN.542.htm", "source_title": "Texas Insurance Code Sec. 542.051 (Definitions)", "agency": "Texas Legislature (Texas Constitution and Statutes)", "quote": "\"Claim\" means a first-party claim that: (A) is made by an insured or policyholder under an insurance policy or contract or by a beneficiary named in the policy or contract; and (B) must be paid by the insurer directly to the insured or beneficiary.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-tdi-prompt-payment-not-other-driver-insurer", "situations": [ "after-a-crash" ], "label": "Prompt payment law and the other driver's insurer", "value": "Does not apply", "unit": "", "detail": "TDI says the prompt payment law does not apply when another driver's insurance company is paying the claim.", "source_url": "https://www.tdi.texas.gov/pubs/consumer/cb020.html", "source_title": "Automobile insurance guide (TDI consumer publication)", "agency": "Texas Department of Insurance", "quote": "The prompt payment law doesn’t apply if another driver’s insurance company is paying the claim.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-tdi-other-driver-no-contract-fewer-options", "situations": [ "after-a-crash" ], "label": "Your options with the other driver's insurer", "value": "No contract with that insurer", "unit": "", "detail": "TDI says a policyholder has no contract with the other driver's insurance, so does not have the same options as with their own company.", "source_url": "https://www.tdi.texas.gov/tips/how-to-deal-with-the-other-drivers-insurance.html", "source_title": "Accident not your fault? Here's how to deal with the other driver's insurance.", "agency": "Texas Department of Insurance", "quote": "You don’t have a contract with the other driver’s insurance, so you don’t have the same options you would with your own company.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-tdi-own-insurer-recovers-deductible-reimbursed", "situations": [ "after-a-crash" ], "label": "Deductible after your insurer recovers from the other driver's insurer", "value": "Might be reimbursed", "unit": "", "detail": "TDI says that if your insurer gets money back from the other driver's insurance, you might get your deductible reimbursed.", "source_url": "https://www.tdi.texas.gov/tips/how-to-deal-with-the-other-drivers-insurance.html", "source_title": "Accident not your fault? Here's how to deal with the other driver's insurance.", "agency": "Texas Department of Insurance", "quote": "If they get anything back, you might get your deductible reimbursed.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-tdi-no-deductible-claim-against-other-driver", "situations": [ "after-a-crash" ], "label": "Deductible on a claim against another driver's insurer", "value": "None", "unit": "", "detail": "TDI says a policyholder does not have to pay a deductible for claims against another driver's insurance company.", "source_url": "https://www.tdi.texas.gov/pubs/consumer/cb020.html", "source_title": "Automobile insurance guide (TDI consumer publication)", "agency": "Texas Department of Insurance", "quote": "You don’t have to pay a deductible for claims against another driver’s insurance company.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-tdi-other-insurer-refuses-use-own-insurer", "situations": [ "after-a-crash" ], "label": "When the other driver's insurer will not pay", "value": "File a claim with your own insurer", "unit": "", "detail": "TDI says that if the other driver's insurer won't pay a claim, the policyholder can file a claim with their own insurance company.", "source_url": "https://www.tdi.texas.gov/pubs/consumer/cb020.html", "source_title": "Automobile insurance guide (TDI consumer publication)", "agency": "Texas Department of Insurance", "quote": "If you believe the other driver was at fault, but his or her insurance company won’t pay your claim, file a claim with your own insurance company.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-tdi-uim-pays-uninsured-or-underinsured-repairs", "situations": [ "after-a-crash" ], "label": "Uninsured or underinsured motorist coverage and car repairs", "value": "Pays when the at-fault driver had no or too little insurance", "unit": "", "detail": "TDI says uninsured/underinsured motorist coverage pays for car repairs if the at-fault driver didn't have insurance or enough insurance.", "source_url": "https://www.tdi.texas.gov/tips/how-to-deal-with-the-other-drivers-insurance.html", "source_title": "Accident not your fault? Here's how to deal with the other driver's insurance.", "agency": "Texas Department of Insurance", "quote": "If you have uninsured/underinsured motorist coverage, it will pay if the at-fault driver didn’t have insurance or enough insurance to pay your car repairs.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-tdi-uninsured-driver-collision-pays-repairs", "situations": [ "after-a-crash" ], "label": "Collision coverage when the other driver is uninsured", "value": "Pays for car repairs", "unit": "", "detail": "TDI says most auto policies include collision coverage that pays for car repairs when the other driver has no insurance or drove away.", "source_url": "https://www.tdi.texas.gov/tips/what-to-do-after-a-wreck.html", "source_title": "Were you in a wreck? Tips for auto insurance claims", "agency": "Texas Department of Insurance", "quote": "Most auto policies include collision coverage that will pay for your car repairs.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-tdi-uim-hit-and-run-police-report", "situations": [ "after-a-crash" ], "label": "Uninsured motorist coverage and a hit-and-run", "value": "Not paid if not reported to police", "unit": "", "detail": "TDI says uninsured motorist coverage won't pay for a hit-and-run accident that was not reported to police.", "source_url": "https://www.tdi.texas.gov/pubs/consumer/cb020.html", "source_title": "Automobile insurance guide (TDI consumer publication)", "agency": "Texas Department of Insurance", "quote": "Your uninsured motorist coverage won’t pay for a hit-and-run accident if you didn’t report it to police.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-uim-coverage-rejection-in-writing", "situations": [ "after-a-crash" ], "label": "Rejecting uninsured or underinsured motorist coverage", "value": "In writing", "unit": "", "detail": "The statute says the required uninsured/underinsured motorist coverage does not apply if any named insured rejects it in writing.", "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/IN/htm/IN.1952.htm", "source_title": "Texas Insurance Code Sec. 1952.101 (Uninsured or Underinsured Motorist Coverage Required)", "agency": "Texas Legislature (Texas Constitution and Statutes)", "quote": "The coverage required by this subchapter does not apply if any insured named in the insurance policy rejects the coverage in writing.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-uim-collision-or-uim-property-damage-insured-chooses", "situations": [ "after-a-crash" ], "label": "Collision versus uninsured/underinsured property damage coverage", "value": "Insured may recover under the coverage the insured chooses", "unit": "", "detail": "The statute says an insured with both collision and uninsured/underinsured property damage coverage may recover under the coverage the insured chooses.", "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/IN/htm/IN.1952.htm", "source_title": "Texas Insurance Code Sec. 1952.107 (Recovery Under Collision or Combined Coverage)", "agency": "Texas Legislature (Texas Constitution and Statutes)", "quote": "An insured who has collision coverage and uninsured or underinsured property damage liability coverage may recover under the coverage the insured chooses.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-pip-expenses-incurred-within-3-years", "situations": [ "after-a-crash" ], "label": "Time limit on expenses payable under personal injury protection", "value": "3", "unit": "years", "detail": "The statute says personal injury protection pays reasonable expenses arising from the accident that are incurred not later than the third anniversary of the accident date.", "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/IN/htm/IN.1952.htm", "source_title": "Texas Insurance Code Sec. 1952.151 (Personal Injury Protection)", "agency": "Texas Legislature (Texas Constitution and Statutes)", "quote": "(2) are incurred not later than the third anniversary of the date of the accident;", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-lawsuit-deadline-death-2-years", "situations": [ "after-a-crash" ], "label": "Time limit to sue for an injury resulting in death", "value": "2", "unit": "years", "detail": "The statute says suit in an action for injury resulting in death must be brought not later than two years after the cause of action accrues, which is on the death of the injured person.", "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/CP/htm/CP.16.htm", "source_title": "Texas Civil Practice and Remedies Code Sec. 16.003 (Two-Year Limitations Period)", "agency": "Texas Legislature (Texas Constitution and Statutes)", "quote": "A person must bring suit not later than two years after the day the cause of action accrues in an action for injury resulting in death.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-tdi-appraisal-process", "situations": [ "after-a-crash", "complaints" ], "label": "How appraisal works", "value": "Each side hires an appraiser; the two choose an umpire", "unit": "", "detail": "TDI says appraisal lets the policyholder and the company each hire an appraiser, and the two appraisers then choose a third appraiser as an umpire.", "source_url": "https://www.tdi.texas.gov/consumer/auto-insurance-complaint.html", "source_title": "Get help with an auto insurance complaint", "agency": "Texas Department of Insurance", "quote": "Appraisal allows you and the company to each hire an appraiser. The two appraisers then choose a third appraiser as an umpire.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-tdi-appraisal-costs", "situations": [ "after-a-crash", "complaints" ], "label": "Who pays for appraisal", "value": "Policyholder pays own appraiser and half the umpire", "unit": "", "detail": "TDI says the policyholder pays for their own appraiser and half of the umpire's costs.", "source_url": "https://www.tdi.texas.gov/consumer/auto-insurance-complaint.html", "source_title": "Get help with an auto insurance complaint", "agency": "Texas Department of Insurance", "quote": "You must pay for your appraiser and half of the umpire’s costs.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-tdi-appraisal-amount-of-damage-only", "situations": [ "after-a-crash", "complaints" ], "label": "What appraisal can decide", "value": "Amount of damage only", "unit": "", "detail": "TDI says appraisal can only be used to resolve disputes about the amount of damage.", "source_url": "https://www.tdi.texas.gov/consumer/auto-insurance-complaint.html", "source_title": "Get help with an auto insurance complaint", "agency": "Texas Department of Insurance", "quote": "You can only use appraisal to resolve disputes about the amount of damage.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-tdi-appraisal-umpire-binding", "situations": [ "after-a-crash", "complaints" ], "label": "Effect of the umpire's decision in appraisal", "value": "Binding on both sides", "unit": "", "detail": "TDI says the umpire's decision in appraisal is binding on both the policyholder and the insurance company.", "source_url": "https://www.tdi.texas.gov/pubs/consumer/cb020.html", "source_title": "Automobile insurance guide (TDI consumer publication)", "agency": "Texas Department of Insurance", "quote": "The umpire’s decision is binding on both you and the insurance company.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-tdi-appraisal-own-insurer-only", "situations": [ "after-a-crash", "complaints" ], "label": "Disputes appraisal can be used for", "value": "Only with your own insurance company", "unit": "", "detail": "TDI says appraisal can be used only for disputes with your own insurance company, not another person's insurer.", "source_url": "https://www.tdi.texas.gov/pubs/consumer/cb020.html", "source_title": "Automobile insurance guide (TDI consumer publication)", "agency": "Texas Department of Insurance", "quote": "You can use appraisal only for disputes with your insurance company. You can’t use it to resolve disputes with another person’s insurance company.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-crash-injury-stop-and-remain", "situations": [ "after-a-crash" ], "label": "Duty of a driver in a crash with injury or death", "value": "Stop, return if needed, and remain at the scene", "unit": "", "detail": "The statute says the operator of a vehicle in a collision that results or is reasonably likely to result in injury or death must immediately stop at or near the scene.", "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/TN/htm/TN.550.htm", "source_title": "Texas Transportation Code Sec. 550.021 (Collision Involving Personal Injury or Death)", "agency": "Texas Legislature (Texas Constitution and Statutes)", "quote": "The operator of a vehicle involved in a collision that results or is reasonably likely to result in injury to or death of a person shall: (1) immediately stop the vehicle at the scene of the collision or as close to the scene as possible;", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-crash-damage-only-stop-and-remain", "situations": [ "after-a-crash" ], "label": "Duty of a driver in a crash that damages an attended vehicle", "value": "Stop and remain at the scene", "unit": "", "detail": "The statute says the operator of a vehicle in a collision resulting only in damage to a vehicle driven or attended by a person must immediately stop at or as close as possible to the scene.", "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/TN/htm/TN.550.htm", "source_title": "Texas Transportation Code Sec. 550.022 (Collision Involving Damage to Vehicle)", "agency": "Texas Legislature (Texas Constitution and Statutes)", "quote": "(a) Except as provided by Subsection (b), the operator of a vehicle involved in a collision resulting only in damage to a vehicle that is driven or attended by a person shall: (1) immediately stop the vehicle at the scene", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-crash-damage-only-offense-200-dollar-line", "situations": [ "after-a-crash" ], "label": "Offense level for leaving a damage-only crash, by damage amount", "value": "Class C if under $200; Class B if $200 or more", "unit": "", "detail": "The statute makes failing to stop or comply a Class C misdemeanor if damage to all vehicles is under $200 and a Class B misdemeanor if it is $200 or more.", "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/TN/htm/TN.550.htm", "source_title": "Texas Transportation Code Sec. 550.022 (Collision Involving Damage to Vehicle)", "agency": "Texas Legislature (Texas Constitution and Statutes)", "quote": "(1) a Class C misdemeanor, if the damage to all vehicles is less than $200; or (2) a Class B misdemeanor, if the damage to all vehicles is $200 or more.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-crash-give-name-address-plate-insurer", "situations": [ "after-a-crash" ], "label": "Information a driver must give after a crash", "value": "Name, address, vehicle registration number and liability insurer's name", "unit": "", "detail": "The statute says the operator must give their name and address, the registration number of the vehicle and the name of their motor vehicle liability insurer to the other people involved.", "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/TN/htm/TN.550.htm", "source_title": "Texas Transportation Code Sec. 550.023 (Duty to Give Information and Render Aid)", "agency": "Texas Legislature (Texas Constitution and Statutes)", "quote": "(1) give the operator's name and address, the registration number of the vehicle the operator was driving, and the name of the operator's motor vehicle liability insurer to any person injured or the operator or occupant of or person attending a vehicle involved in the collision;", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-crash-render-aid-injured", "situations": [ "after-a-crash" ], "label": "Duty to help an injured person after a crash", "value": "Reasonable assistance, including transport to a physician or hospital", "unit": "", "detail": "The statute says the operator must provide any person injured in the collision reasonable assistance, including transport to a physician or hospital if treatment is apparently necessary or if the injured person requests it.", "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/TN/htm/TN.550.htm", "source_title": "Texas Transportation Code Sec. 550.023 (Duty to Give Information and Render Aid)", "agency": "Texas Legislature (Texas Constitution and Statutes)", "quote": "(3) provide any person injured in the collision reasonable assistance, including transporting or making arrangements for transporting the person to a physician or hospital for medical treatment if it is apparent that treatment is necessary, or if the injured person requests the transportation.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-crash-report-police-immediately-when-undrivable-or-injury", "situations": [ "after-a-crash" ], "label": "When a driver must notify police of a collision", "value": "Immediately, if injury, death or a vehicle that cannot be normally and safely driven", "unit": "", "detail": "The statute says the operator of a vehicle in a collision resulting in injury or death, or damage to a vehicle so that it cannot be normally and safely driven, must immediately give notice to the police or sheriff by the quickest means of communication.", "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/TN/htm/TN.550.htm", "source_title": "Texas Transportation Code Sec. 550.026 (Immediate Report of Collision)", "agency": "Texas Legislature (Texas Constitution and Statutes)", "quote": "The operator of a vehicle involved in a collision resulting in injury to or death of a person or damage to a vehicle to the extent that it cannot be normally and safely driven shall immediately by the quickest means of communication give notice of the collision to the:", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-officer-crash-report-1000-dollar-threshold", "situations": [ "after-a-crash" ], "label": "Damage threshold for an officer's written crash report", "value": "1000", "unit": "USD", "detail": "The statute says a law enforcement officer who investigates a motor vehicle collision must make a written report if it resulted in injury or death or damage to any one person's property of an apparent $1,000 or more.", "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/TN/htm/TN.550.htm", "source_title": "Texas Transportation Code Sec. 550.062 (Officer's Collision Report)", "agency": "Texas Legislature (Texas Constitution and Statutes)", "quote": "A law enforcement officer who in the regular course of duty investigates a motor vehicle collision shall make a written report of the collision if the collision resulted in injury to or the death of a person or damage to the property of any one person to the apparent extent of $1,000 or more.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-officer-crash-report-filed-within-10-days", "situations": [ "after-a-crash" ], "label": "Deadline for an officer to file the crash report with TxDOT", "value": "10", "unit": "days", "detail": "The statute says the officer's report must be filed electronically with the Texas Department of Transportation not later than the 10th day after the collision.", "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/TN/htm/TN.550.htm", "source_title": "Texas Transportation Code Sec. 550.062 (Officer's Collision Report)", "agency": "Texas Legislature (Texas Constitution and Statutes)", "quote": "The report required by Subsection (a) must be filed electronically with the department not later than the 10th day after the date of the collision.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-tdi-help-line-800-252-3439", "situations": [ "complaints" ], "label": "TDI Help Line", "value": "800-252-3439", "unit": "", "detail": "TDI's Help Line is 800-252-3439, answered 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. Central time, Monday through Friday.", "source_url": "https://www.tdi.texas.gov/consumer/auto-insurance-complaint.html", "source_title": "Get help with an auto insurance complaint", "agency": "Texas Department of Insurance", "quote": "Call our Help Line at 800-252-3439, from 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. Central time, Monday through Friday.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-tdi-complaint-step1-talk-to-company", "situations": [ "complaints" ], "label": "First step TDI lists before a complaint", "value": "Talk to the insurance company or agent", "unit": "", "detail": "TDI says many issues can be resolved by talking to the insurance company or agent.", "source_url": "https://www.tdi.texas.gov/consumer/auto-insurance-complaint.html", "source_title": "Get help with an auto insurance complaint", "agency": "Texas Department of Insurance", "quote": "You can resolve many issues by talking to your insurance company or agent.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-tdi-complaint-company-may-raise-estimate", "situations": [ "complaints" ], "label": "Telling the company why you disagree with an estimate", "value": "The company might raise the estimate", "unit": "", "detail": "TDI says a company might raise an estimate if it finds it overlooked something or gets new information.", "source_url": "https://www.tdi.texas.gov/consumer/auto-insurance-complaint.html", "source_title": "Get help with an auto insurance complaint", "agency": "Texas Department of Insurance", "quote": "The company might raise the estimate if it finds out that it overlooked something or gets new information.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-tdi-complaint-who-tdi-can-help-with", "situations": [ "complaints" ], "label": "Who TDI can help with complaints against", "value": "Insurance companies, agents and adjusters TDI regulates", "unit": "", "detail": "TDI says it can help with complaints against the insurance companies, agents and adjusters it regulates.", "source_url": "https://www.tdi.texas.gov/consumer/auto-insurance-complaint.html", "source_title": "Get help with an auto insurance complaint", "agency": "Texas Department of Insurance", "quote": "We can help with complaints against the insurance companies, agents, and adjusters we regulate.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-tdi-complaint-not-body-shops", "situations": [ "complaints" ], "label": "Complaints about body shops", "value": "TDI cannot help", "unit": "", "detail": "TDI says it cannot help with complaints about service providers, including body shops.", "source_url": "https://www.tdi.texas.gov/consumer/auto-insurance-complaint.html", "source_title": "Get help with an auto insurance complaint", "agency": "Texas Department of Insurance", "quote": "We can't help with complaints about service providers, including body shops.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-tdi-complaint-cannot-force-payment", "situations": [ "complaints" ], "label": "Whether TDI can make a company pay a claim", "value": "Only if not paying violates a law or the policy terms", "unit": "", "detail": "TDI says it cannot make a company pay a claim unless not paying violates a law or the terms of the policy.", "source_url": "https://www.tdi.texas.gov/consumer/auto-insurance-complaint.html", "source_title": "Get help with an auto insurance complaint", "agency": "Texas Department of Insurance", "quote": "Make a company pay a claim unless not paying violates a law or the terms of your policy.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-tdi-complaint-other-drivers-insurer-probably-no", "situations": [ "complaints" ], "label": "Complaints against another person's insurance company", "value": "TDI probably cannot help with liability disputes", "unit": "", "detail": "TDI says it cannot help with complaints against another person's insurance company, for example if the other driver's insurer won't accept liability.", "source_url": "https://www.tdi.texas.gov/consumer/auto-insurance-complaint.html", "source_title": "Get help with an auto insurance complaint", "agency": "Texas Department of Insurance", "quote": "For instance, we probably won’t be able to help you if you’re in an accident and the other driver’s insurance company won’t accept liability.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-tdi-other-insurer-complaint-must-write-back", "situations": [ "complaints" ], "label": "Complaint about another driver's insurance company", "value": "The company must write back explaining why it is denying or paying a certain way", "unit": "", "detail": "TDI says that if you file a complaint about another driver's insurance company, the company must write back explaining why it is denying a claim or paying a certain way.", "source_url": "https://www.tdi.texas.gov/tips/how-to-deal-with-the-other-drivers-insurance.html", "source_title": "Accident not your fault? Here's how to deal with the other driver's insurance.", "agency": "Texas Department of Insurance", "quote": "If you file a complaint about another driver’s insurance company, the company must write back to you explaining why they’re denying a claim or paying a certain way.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-tdi-complaint-cannot-decide-fault", "situations": [ "complaints" ], "label": "Deciding fault in an accident", "value": "TDI does not decide who was at fault", "unit": "", "detail": "TDI says it cannot decide who was at fault in an accident.", "source_url": "https://www.tdi.texas.gov/consumer/auto-insurance-complaint.html", "source_title": "Get help with an auto insurance complaint", "agency": "Texas Department of Insurance", "quote": "Decide who was at fault in an accident.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-tdi-complaint-cannot-set-damage-amounts", "situations": [ "complaints" ], "label": "Limits on TDI help with claim disputes", "value": "TDI cannot decide fault or determine damage amounts", "unit": "", "detail": "TDI says its ability to help might be limited, for example it can't decide who was at fault or determine damage amounts.", "source_url": "https://www.tdi.texas.gov/pubs/consumer/cb020.html", "source_title": "Automobile insurance guide (TDI consumer publication)", "agency": "Texas Department of Insurance", "quote": "For instance, we can’t decide who was at fault in an accident or determine damage amounts.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-tdi-complaint-cannot-make-pay-more-than-policy", "situations": [ "complaints" ], "label": "TDI and payment above the policy", "value": "TDI cannot make a company pay more than the policy allows", "unit": "", "detail": "TDI says it can't make a company pay more than the policy allows, but it can ask the company to justify what it is paying.", "source_url": "https://www.tdi.texas.gov/tips/ways-we-can-help.html", "source_title": "Getting help with an insurance complaint", "agency": "Texas Department of Insurance", "quote": "TDI can’t make a company pay more than your policy allows.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-tdi-complaint-file-online-with-documents", "situations": [ "complaints" ], "label": "How to file an auto insurance complaint", "value": "Online complaint system, with documents uploaded", "unit": "", "detail": "TDI says to use its online complaint system to describe the complaint and upload documents such as pictures or letters to and from the company.", "source_url": "https://www.tdi.texas.gov/consumer/auto-insurance-complaint.html", "source_title": "Get help with an auto insurance complaint", "agency": "Texas Department of Insurance", "quote": "Use our online complaint system to tell us about your complaint and upload any documents you think we need.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-tdi-complaint-must-be-in-writing", "situations": [ "complaints" ], "label": "Form of a complaint to TDI", "value": "In writing", "unit": "", "detail": "TDI's auto guide says a complaint to TDI must be in writing.", "source_url": "https://www.tdi.texas.gov/pubs/consumer/cb020.html", "source_title": "Automobile insurance guide (TDI consumer publication)", "agency": "Texas Department of Insurance", "quote": "Your complaint must be in writing.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-tdi-complaint-company-response-15-days", "situations": [ "complaints" ], "label": "Company response time to TDI on an auto complaint", "value": "15", "unit": "days", "detail": "TDI says companies have 15 days to respond to it on an auto insurance complaint.", "source_url": "https://www.tdi.texas.gov/consumer/auto-insurance-complaint.html", "source_title": "Get help with an auto insurance complaint", "agency": "Texas Department of Insurance", "quote": "Companies have 15 days to respond to us and can ask for a 10-day extension.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-tdi-complaint-company-extension-10-days", "situations": [ "complaints" ], "label": "Extension a company can request to respond to TDI", "value": "10", "unit": "days", "detail": "TDI says companies can ask for a 10-day extension of their response time on an auto insurance complaint.", "source_url": "https://www.tdi.texas.gov/consumer/auto-insurance-complaint.html", "source_title": "Get help with an auto insurance complaint", "agency": "Texas Department of Insurance", "quote": "Companies have 15 days to respond to us and can ask for a 10-day extension.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-tdi-complaint-auto-home-25-days", "situations": [ "complaints" ], "label": "Company response time to TDI on auto and home complaints (other TDI page)", "value": "25", "unit": "days", "detail": "A second TDI page says auto and home insurance companies have 25 days to respond to TDI on a complaint.", "source_url": "https://www.tdi.texas.gov/tips/ways-we-can-help.html", "source_title": "Getting help with an insurance complaint", "agency": "Texas Department of Insurance", "quote": "Auto and home insurance companies have 25 days to respond to us.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-opic-role", "situations": [ "complaints" ], "label": "Role of the Office of Public Insurance Counsel", "value": "Represents Texas consumers' interests in insurance matters", "unit": "", "detail": "OPIC says it is an official state agency that represents the interests of Texas consumers in insurance matters.", "source_url": "https://www.opic.texas.gov/", "source_title": "Office of Public Insurance Counsel (OPIC)", "agency": "Office of Public Insurance Counsel", "quote": "The Office of Public Insurance Counsel (OPIC) is an official state agency that represents the interests of Texas consumers in insurance matters.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-opic-no-complaints", "situations": [ "complaints" ], "label": "Filing a complaint with OPIC", "value": "Not possible", "unit": "", "detail": "OPIC says it is not the state insurance regulator, so a complaint about an insurance company cannot be filed with it.", "source_url": "https://www.opic.texas.gov/", "source_title": "Office of Public Insurance Counsel (OPIC)", "agency": "Office of Public Insurance Counsel", "quote": "Please keep in mind that we are not the state insurance regulator, so you cannot file a complaint about your insurance company with us.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-opic-no-individual-representation", "situations": [ "complaints" ], "label": "OPIC legal help for individual consumers", "value": "None", "unit": "", "detail": "OPIC says it cannot give legal advice or representation to individual consumers.", "source_url": "https://www.opic.texas.gov/", "source_title": "Office of Public Insurance Counsel (OPIC)", "agency": "Office of Public Insurance Counsel", "quote": "Our office cannot give legal advice or representation to individual consumers.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-opic-separate-from-tdi", "situations": [ "complaints" ], "label": "Whether OPIC is part of TDI", "value": "No, an independent state agency", "unit": "", "detail": "OPIC says it is an independent state agency and not part of the Texas Department of Insurance.", "source_url": "https://www.opic.texas.gov/", "source_title": "Office of Public Insurance Counsel (OPIC)", "agency": "Office of Public Insurance Counsel", "quote": "No. We are an independent state agency.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-tdi-may-complain-denied-canceled-nonrenewed", "situations": [ "complaints" ], "label": "Complaint about a denial, cancellation or nonrenewal", "value": "May complain to TDI", "unit": "", "detail": "TDI says a policyholder may complain to TDI if they think a company improperly denied, canceled or nonrenewed the policy.", "source_url": "https://www.tdi.texas.gov/pubs/consumer/cb020.html", "source_title": "Automobile insurance guide (TDI consumer publication)", "agency": "Texas Department of Insurance", "quote": "You may complain to us if you think a company improperly denied, canceled, or nonrenewed your policy.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-tdi-reason-in-writing-on-request", "situations": [ "complaints" ], "label": "Reason for a turn-down, cancellation or nonrenewal", "value": "In writing, if you ask", "unit": "", "detail": "TDI says that if you ask, a company must tell you in writing why it turned you down, canceled or didn't renew your policy.", "source_url": "https://www.tdi.texas.gov/pubs/consumer/cb020.html", "source_title": "Automobile insurance guide (TDI consumer publication)", "agency": "Texas Department of Insurance", "quote": "If you ask, a company must tell you in writing why it turned you down, canceled, or didn’t renew your policy.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-nonrenewal-notice-60-days-statute", "situations": [ "complaints" ], "label": "Nonrenewal notice before a policy expires (current statute)", "value": "60", "unit": "days", "detail": "The statute says an insurer must renew a policy at the insured's request unless it mailed written notice of nonrenewal (or of renewal with a change in coverage) not later than the 60th day before the policy expires.", "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/IN/htm/IN.551.htm", "source_title": "Texas Insurance Code Sec. 551.105 (Nonrenewal of Policies; Notice Required)", "agency": "Texas Legislature (Texas Constitution and Statutes)", "quote": "not later than the 60th day before the date on which the insurance policy expires, an insurer must renew an insurance policy, at the request of the insured, on the expiration of the policy.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-nonrenewal-notice-60-days-effective-2024", "situations": [ "complaints" ], "label": "Which policies the 60-day nonrenewal notice applies to", "value": "Policies delivered, issued for delivery or renewed on or after January 1, 2024", "unit": "", "detail": "H.B. 1900 (2023), which changed the notice from 30 to 60 days, applies only to policies delivered, issued for delivery or renewed on or after January 1, 2024.", "source_url": "https://capitol.texas.gov/tlodocs/88R/billtext/html/HB01900F.htm", "source_title": "H.B. 1900, 88th Legislature (2023), enrolled version (notice of cancellation or nonrenewal)", "agency": "Texas Legislature (Texas Constitution and Statutes)", "quote": "The changes in law made by this Act apply only to an insurance policy that is delivered, issued for delivery, or renewed on or after January 1, 2024.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-nonrenewal-notice-earlier-policies-30-days", "situations": [ "complaints" ], "label": "Notice rule for policies renewed before January 1, 2024", "value": "Prior law continued in effect", "unit": "", "detail": "H.B. 1900 says a policy delivered, issued for delivery or renewed before January 1, 2024 is governed by the law as it existed before the Act.", "source_url": "https://capitol.texas.gov/tlodocs/88R/billtext/html/HB01900F.htm", "source_title": "H.B. 1900, 88th Legislature (2023), enrolled version (notice of cancellation or nonrenewal)", "agency": "Texas Legislature (Texas Constitution and Statutes)", "quote": "A policy delivered, issued for delivery, or renewed before January 1, 2024, is governed by the law as it existed immediately before the effective date of this Act, and that law is continued in effect for that purpose.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-cancel-12-month-anniversary-60-days-notice", "situations": [ "complaints" ], "label": "Cancellation effective on a 12-month anniversary: notice", "value": "60", "unit": "days", "detail": "The statute says an insurer may cancel a personal automobile policy effective on a 12-month anniversary if it mails written notice not later than the 60th day before the effective date.", "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/IN/htm/IN.551.htm", "source_title": "Texas Insurance Code Sec. 551.104 (Authorized Cancellation of Policies)", "agency": "Texas Legislature (Texas Constitution and Statutes)", "quote": "An insurer may cancel a personal automobile insurance policy effective on any 12-month anniversary of the original effective date of the policy if the insurer mails to the named insured written notice of the cancellation not later than the 60th day before the effective date of the cancellation.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-short-term-policy-refuse-renew-12-month-anniversary", "situations": [ "complaints" ], "label": "Refusing to renew a personal auto policy written for under a year", "value": "Only on a 12-month anniversary", "unit": "", "detail": "The statute says an insurer must renew a personal auto policy written for less than one year, except that it may refuse to renew on any 12-month anniversary of the original effective date.", "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/IN/htm/IN.551.htm", "source_title": "Texas Insurance Code Sec. 551.106 (Renewal and Reinstatement of Personal Automobile Insurance Policies)", "agency": "Texas Legislature (Texas Constitution and Statutes)", "quote": "An insurer shall renew a personal automobile insurance policy that was written for a term of less than one year, except that the insurer may refuse to renew the policy on any 12-month anniversary of the original effective date of the policy.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-no-nonrenewal-solely-for-age", "situations": [ "complaints" ], "label": "Nonrenewal because of age", "value": "Not allowed as the sole reason", "unit": "", "detail": "The statute says an insurer may not refuse to renew a personal automobile policy solely because of the age of the person covered.", "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/IN/htm/IN.551.htm", "source_title": "Texas Insurance Code Sec. 551.106 (Renewal and Reinstatement of Personal Automobile Insurance Policies)", "agency": "Texas Legislature (Texas Constitution and Statutes)", "quote": "An insurer may not refuse to renew a personal automobile insurance policy solely because of the age of the person covered by the policy.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-mandatory-nonrenewal-uncooperative-insured", "situations": [ "complaints" ], "label": "Mandatory nonrenewal for refusing to cooperate in a liability claim", "value": "Insurer may not renew after the written notice", "unit": "", "detail": "The statute says an insurer may not renew a private passenger auto policy if the insured fails or refuses to cooperate in the investigation, settlement or defense of the liability claim described in its notice.", "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/IN/htm/IN.551.htm", "source_title": "Texas Insurance Code Sec. 551.1053 (Mandatory Nonrenewal of Private Passenger Automobile Insurance Policies)", "agency": "Texas Legislature (Texas Constitution and Statutes)", "quote": "an insurer may not renew a private passenger automobile insurance policy if the insured fails or refuses to cooperate with the insurer in the investigation, settlement, or defense of the third-party liability claim or action described by the notice provided under Subsection (a).", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-customer-inquiry-not-basis-for-nonrenewal", "situations": [ "complaints" ], "label": "Customer inquiries and nonrenewal or cancellation", "value": "May not be considered", "unit": "", "detail": "The statute says an insurer may not consider a customer inquiry as a basis for nonrenewal or cancellation of a personal automobile policy.", "source_url": "https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/IN/htm/IN.551.htm", "source_title": "Texas Insurance Code Sec. 551.113 (Declination, Nonrenewal, or Cancellation Prohibited; Consideration of Consumer Inquiry)", "agency": "Texas Legislature (Texas Constitution and Statutes)", "quote": "An insurer may not consider a customer inquiry as a basis for nonrenewal or cancellation of an insurance policy.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-tdi-nonrenew-only-after-12-months", "situations": [ "complaints" ], "label": "Earliest a company can nonrenew", "value": "After the policy has been in effect 12 months", "unit": "", "detail": "TDI says a company can nonrenew a policy only after it has been in effect for 12 months.", "source_url": "https://www.tdi.texas.gov/pubs/consumer/cb020.html", "source_title": "Automobile insurance guide (TDI consumer publication)", "agency": "Texas Department of Insurance", "quote": "A company can nonrenew your policy only after it’s been in effect for 12 months.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" }, { "id": "tx-tdi-nonrenew-not-for-weather-animal-claims", "situations": [ "complaints" ], "label": "Claims that cannot be the basis for nonrenewal (TDI list)", "value": "Weather damage, hitting an animal, claims not reasonably blamed on you", "unit": "", "detail": "TDI lists weather damage, damage from hitting an animal, and accidents or incidents that can't reasonably be blamed on you as claims a company can't nonrenew for.", "source_url": "https://www.tdi.texas.gov/pubs/consumer/cb020.html", "source_title": "Automobile insurance guide (TDI consumer publication)", "agency": "Texas Department of Insurance", "quote": "It also can’t nonrenew your policy because you had claims for: Weather damage. Damage from hitting an animal. Accidents or incidents that can’t reasonably be blamed on you, unless you have more than one of these claims in 12 months.", "retrieved": "2026-10-07" } ] }